;54FL PRICE 23 CENTS 




American Sports Publishing Co 

,..' ,,,«'Mii,,, 21 Warren street. New YorK /r«%juii 



•^c. 






>.: 



$' ^ 



cP 






^^v^^'^^fe^: 



v 



H -7 



c^ *^/ 


'■"^t-o 


^.'=-''^^ 


^'^ 


^ 


* 8 


\ \'^ 


^0- 


> 


■% 


/ 


•5^ 




.'^^^ 


■^^, 


/. 






.^' 










:^0^ 



^^^ V^ 






-^^ > 






^<5f ' ,^" 






^^^..v^' ^^0^^^^ 






Oo 



A . \, I » ;, -/- 




















^OO^ 












'■^ <l'"> 

%%^ 

A^^' '^^> 

^ '^c^ 












%' 









.<\ 









-0^ 



"^. 






■r% 



^3 



OQ^ = 



"^y. <^ 



America'sNational Game 

By A. G. SPALDING 

Price, $2.00 Net 

A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 
full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons 
by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist 



The above work should have a place in every 
public library in this country, as also in the 
libraries of public schools and private houses. 

The author of "America's National Game" 
is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- 
body, to have the best equipment of any living 
writer to treat the subject that forms the text 
of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of 
the origin, development and evolution of Base 
Ball, the National Game of our country. 

Almost from the very inception of the game 
until the present time — as player, manager and 
magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- 
tified with its interests. Not infrequently he 
has been called upon in times of emergency 
to prevent threatened disaster. But for him 
the National Game would have been syn- 
dicated and controlled by elements whose 
interests were purely selfish and personal. 

The book is a veritable repository of in- 
formation concerning players, clubs and 
personalities connected with the game in 
its early days, and is written in a most 
interesting style, interspersed with enlivening anecdotes and 
accounts of events that have not heretofore been published. 

The response on the part of the press and the public to 
Mr. Spalding's efforts to perpetuate the early history of the 
National Game has been very encouraging and he is in receipt 
of hundreds of letters and notices, a few of which are here given. 

Robert Adamson,_ New York, writing from the office of Mayor 
Gaynor, says: — "Seeing the Giants play is my principal recreation and 
I am interested in reading everything I can find about the game. I 
especially enjoy what you [Mr. Spalding] have written, because you 
stand as the highest living authority on the game." 

Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburg National League club: — "It 
does honor to author as well as the game. I have enjoved reading it 
very much." 

Walter Camp, well known foot ball expert and athlete, says: — "It 
(s mdeed a remarkable work and one that I have read with a arreat 
deal of interest." 

John B. Day, formerly President of the New York Nationals:— 
"Your wonderful work will outlast all of us." 




W. Irving Snydes, formerly of the house of Peck & Snyder:—*^ 
have read the book from cover to cover with great interest." 

Andrew Peck, formerly of the celebrated firm of Peck & Snyder:— 
•'All base ball fans should read and see how the game was conducted in 
early years." 

Melville E. Stone, New York, General Manager Associated Press:— 
"I find it full of valuable information and very interesting./ I prize 
it very highly." 

George Barnard, Chicago: — "Words fail to express my appreciation 
of the book. It carries me back to the early days of base ball and 
makes me feel like a young man again." 

Charles W. Murphy, President Chicago National League club: — 
"The book is a very valuable work and will become a part of every 
base ball library in the country." 

John F. Morrill, Boston, Mass., old time base ball star. — "I did 
not think it possible for one to become so interested in a book on base 
ball. 1 do not find anything in it which I can criticise.'' 

Ralph D. Paine, popular magazine writer and a leading authority on 
college sport: — "I have Tieen reading the book with a great deal of 
interest. 'It fills a long felt want,' and you are a national benefactor 
for writing it." 

Gen. Fred Funston, hero of the Philippine war: — "I read the book 
with a great deal of pleasure and was much interested in seeing the 
account of base ball among the Asiatic whalers, which I had written 
for Harper's Round Table so many years ago." 

DeWolf Hopper, celebrated operatic artist and comedian: — "Apart 
from the splendid history of the evolution of the game, it perpetuates 
the memories of the many men who so gloriously sustained it. It should 
be read by every lover of the sport." 

Hugh Nicol, Director of Athletics, Purdue University, Lafayette, 
Ind. : — "No one that has read this book has appreciated it more than 1. 
Ever since I have been big enough, I have been in professional base 
ball, and you can imagine how interesting the book is to me." 

Mrs. Britton, owner of the St. Louis Nationals, through her treas*' 
urer, H. D. Seekamp, writes: — "Mrs. Britton has been very mucli 
interested in the volume and has read with pleasure a number of 
chapters, gaining valuable information as to the history of the game." 

Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D., New York: — "Although I am not 
very much of a 'sport,' I nevertheless believe in sports, and just at 
the present time in base ball particularly. Perhaps if all the Giants 
had an opportunity to read the volume before the recent game (with 
the Athletics) they might not have been so grievously outdone." 

Bruce Cartwright, son of Alexander J. Cartwright. founder of the 
Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, the first organization of ball players in 
existence, writing from his home at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, says: 
— "I have read the book with great interest and it is my opinion that 
no better history of base ball could have been written." 

George W. Frost, San Diego, Calif.: — "You and 'Jim' White, George 
Wright, Barnes, McVey, O'Rourke, etc., were little gods to us back 
there in Boston in those days of '74 and '75, and I recall how indig- 
nant we were when you 'threw us down' for the Chicago contract. 
The book is splendid. I treasure it greatly." 

A. J. Reach, Philadelphia, old time professional expert: — "It certainly 
is an interesting revelation of the national game from the time, years 
before it was so dignified, up to the present. Those who have played 
the game, or taken an interest in it in the past, those at present en- 
gaged in it, together with all who are to engage in it, have a rare 
treat in store." 

Dr. Luther H. Gulick, Russell Sage Foundation:— "Mr. Spalding 
has been the largest factor in guiding the development of the game 
and thus deserves to rank with other great men of the country who 
have contributed to its success. It would have added to the interest 
of the book if Mr. Spalding could have given us more of his own 
personal experiences, hopes and ambitions in connection with the game*" 



Pittsburg Press: — "Historical incidents abound and tliC oook is aa 

excellent authority on the famous sport." 

Philadelphia Telegraph: — "In this book Mr. Spalding has written the 
most complete and authoritative story of base ball yet published." 

New York Herald: — "If there is anyone in the country competent to 
vnte a book on base ball it is A. G. Spalding who has been interested 
/ti the game from its early beginnings." 

I. E. Sanborn, Chicago Tribune: — "'America's National Game' has 
been added to the Tribune's sporting reference library as an invaluable 
contribution to the literature of the national pastime." 

O. C. Reichard, Chicago Daily News: — "It is cleverly written and 
presents information and dates of great value to the newspaper man 
of to-day!" 

George C. Rice, Chicago Journal:—"! have read the book through; 
and take pleasure in stating that it is a complete history of the game 
from the beginning until the present time." 

Sherman R. Duffy, Sporting Editor Chicago Journal: — "It is a most 
interesting work and one for which there was need. It is the most 
valuable addition to base ball literature that has yet been put out." 

Joseph H. Vila, New York Sun: — "I have read it carefully and with 
much interest. It is the best piece of base ball literature 1 have ever 
seen, and I congratulate you on the work." 

Tim Murnane, Sporting Editor Boston Globe: — "You have given to 
the world a book of inestimable value, a classic in American history; 
a book that shouM be, highly prized in every home library in the 
country." 

Francis C. Richter, Editor Sporting Life, Philadelphia: — "From a 
purely literary standpoint, your work is to me amazing. Frankly, I 
would not change a line, for the reason that the story is told in a way 
to grip the reader and hold his interest continually." 

Los Angeles Times (editorial) ; — "Spalding's book has been out six 
months and ninety thousand copies have been sold. We understand 
there will be other editions. America has taken base ball seriously 
for at last two generations, and it is time enough that the fad was 
given an adequate text book." 

Caspar Whitney, Editor Outdoor America, and one of the leading 
authorities in the world on sport: — "You nave made an invaluable con- 
tribution to the literature of the game, and one none else could have 
made. Moreover, you've done some very interesting writing, which is 
a distinct novelty in such books — too often dull and uninteresting." 

New York World: — "Albert G. Spalding, who really grew up with 
the sport, has written 'America's National Game,' which he describes 
as not_ a history, but the simple story of the game as he has come to 
know it. His book, therefore, is full of living interest. It is a volume 
generously illustrated and abounds in personal memories of base ball 
in the making." 

New York Sun: — "There is a mass of interesting information regard- 
ing _ base ball, as might be expected, in Mr. Spalding's 'America's 
National Game.' It is safe to say that before Spaloing there was no 
base ball. The book is no record of games and players, but it is 
historical in a broader sense, and the author is able to give his personal 
decisive testimony about many disputed points." 

Evening Telegram, New York; — "In clear, concise, entertaining, nar- 
rative style, Albert G. Spalding has contributed in many respects the 
most interesting work pertaining to base ball, the national game, which 
has been written. 

^ "There is so much in it of interest that the temptation not to put 
It down until it is completed is strong with.n the mind of every 
person who begins to read it. As a historical record it is one of those 
volumes which will go further to straighten some disputed points than 
•II of the arguments which could be advanced in good Matured disputes 
which might last for months." 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

^ Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now p. 
CJ J in print, grouped lor ready reference c" -^ 

SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 

Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Base Ball Record 
Spalding's Official College Base Ball Annual 
Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 
Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 
Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 
Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 

^ Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 

2A Spalding's OfTicial Athletic Rules 



No. 

I 

lA 

IC 

2 

2A 

4 

6 

7 

7A 

8 

9 



Group 

No. 1 



Base Ball 



No. 



Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide. 

No. lA Official Base Ball Record. 
No. Ic College Base Ball Annual. 
No. 202 How tx) Play Base Ball. 
No. 223 How to Bat. 
No. 232 How to Run Bases. 
No. 230 How to Pitch. 
No. 229 How to Catch. 
No. 225 How to Play First Base. 
No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 
No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 
No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 
No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 

League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 

How to Manage a Base Ball 

„„i -J Club. 

^^ Howto Train aBaseBallTeam 

How to Captain a Base Ball 

HowtoUmpireaGame.[Team 

Technical Base Ball Terms. 

No. 219 ' Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 

Percentages. 
No. 350 How to Score. 

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
No. 356 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Ass'n. 

Groap II. Foot Ball 

No. 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 

No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. 

No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
No. 335 How to Play Rugby. 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 358 Official College Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 



Group III. Cricket 

No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
No, 180 Ring Hockey. 

Group VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding' sOfficial Basket BaU 

Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 

Handbook. 

Group VIII. Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group IX. Indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Group X. Polo 

No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. 

Roque. 

Racquets. Squash-Racquets. 

Court Tennis. 

Hand Ball. 

Quoits. No. 14 Curling. 

Push Ball. 

Lawn Bowls. 
i3g f Lawn Hockey. Parlor Hockey 
^°° \ Garden Hockey. Lawn Games 



No. 271 

No. 194 

No. 13 
No. 167 
No. 170 
No. 207 

No. 

No. 341 



How to Bowl. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED FOSTPAIO UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Groap XII. Athletics 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
No. 27 College Athletics. iRules 

All Around Athletics. 
Athletes' Guide. 
Athletic Primer. [Thrower. 
How to Become a Weight 
How to Run 100 Yards, [ning. 
Distance— Cross Country Run- 
Official Sporting Rules. 
Athletic Training for School- 
Marathon Running. [boys. 
Schoolyard Athletics. 
How to Sprint. [petition. 

Walking for Health and Com- 
Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
Girls' Athletics. [book. 
Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 
P. S. A. L. Official Handbook. 

Group XIII. AthleticAccomplishments 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

How to Row. 

How to Swim. 

How to Become a Skater. 

How to Train for Bicycling. 

Roller Skating Guide. 

Group XIV. Manly Sports 

No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac.) 
No. 236 How to Wrestle. 



No. 182 
No. 156 
No. 87 
No. 259 
No. 255 
No. 174 
No. 55 
No. 246 
No. 317 
No. 331 
No. 252 
No. 342 
No. 357 
No. 314 
No. 302 
No. 313 



No. 128 
No. 177 
No. 209 
No. 178 
No. 282 



Group XIV. Manly Sports— Con. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

Indian Clubs anf^ Dumb Bella 
Medicine Ball Exercises. 
Pulley Weight Exercises. 
How to Punch the Bag. 
Tumbling for Amateurs. 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 

Graded Calis. and D. B. Drills. 
In- and Outdoor Gym. Games. 
How to Become a Gymnast. 
Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. [Apparatus. 
Pyramid Building Without 
Pyramid Building v/ith 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders. 
Handbook I.C. A. A.Gymnasts 

Group XVI. Physical Culture 

No. 161 lOMin.ExerciseforBusyMen. 
Care of the Body. [nasties. 
Health by Muscular Gym- 
Physical Education and Hy- 
Hints on Health. [giene. 

School Tactics and Maze Run- 
Muscle Building. [ning. 
Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
285 Health Answers, [nasties. 
Twenty-Minute Exercises. 



No. 143 
No. 262 
No. 29 
No* 191 
No. 289 



No. 214 
No. 158 
No. 124 
No. 287 

No S27 
No. 329 

No. 345 



No. 149 
No. 285 
No. 208 
No. 185 
No. 234 
No. 238 
No. 288 
No. 213 
No. 325 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 

Spalding "Red Cover" Series of Afhletie Handbooks 

No. IR. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Price 25c. 

No. 2R. Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Price 25c. 

No. 3R. Spalding's Official Golf Guide Price 25c. 

No. 4R. How to Play Golf Price 25c. 

No. 5R. Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Price 25c, 

No. 7R. Physical Training Simplified Price 25c. 

No. 8R. The Art of Skating Price 25c. 

No. 9R. How to Live 100 Years Price 25c. 

No. lOR. Single Stick Drill Price 25c. 

No. IIR. Fencing Foil Work Illustrated Price 25c. 

No. 12R. Exercises on the Side Horse Price 25c. 

No. 13R. Horizontal Bar Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 14R. Trapeze, Long Horse and Rope Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 15R. Exercises on the Flying Rings Price 25c. 

No. 16R. Team Wand Drill Price 25c. 

No. 17R. Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 Price 25c. 

No. 18R. Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 19R. Professional Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 20R. How to Play Ice Hockey Price 25c. 

No. 21R. Jiu Jitsu Price 25c. 

No. 22R. How to Swing Indian Clubs Price 25c. 

No. 23R. Get Well ; Keep Well Price 25c. 

No. 24R. Dumb Bell Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 25R. Boxing Price 25c. 

No. 26R. Official Handbook National Squash Tennis Association Price 25c. 

No. 27R. CalisthenicDrillsandFancyMarchingfortheClassRoom Price 25c. 

No. 28R. Winter Sports Price 25c. 

No. 29R. Children's Games Price 25c. 

No. 30R, Fencing. (By Breck.) Price 25c. 

No. 31R. Spalding's International Polo Guide Price 25c. 

No. 32R. Physical Training for the School and Class Room. . . Price 25c. 

No. 33R. Tensing Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 34R. Grading of Gymnastic Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 35R. Exercises on the Parallel Bars Price 25c. 

No. 36R. Speed Swimming , Price 25c. 




GEORGE M. MARTIN, 

Physical Director of the Young Men's Christian Association of 
Youngstown, Ohio. 




Spalding " Red Cov^er" Series of ^ — i p-i i — > 

Athletic Handbooks I , _ 

No. 34R. 






The Grading of 
Gymnastic Exercises 



By 

GEORGE M. MARTIN 

Physical Director of the Young Men's Christian 
Association of Youngstown, Ohio 



PUBLISHED BY 

AMERICAN- SPORTS PUBLISHING f] 



Jdpn COMPANY 



:i Warren Street, New York t — ' '— ' ' — i 

jiiinn 






Copyright. 1913 

BY 

American Sports Publishing Company 
Nev/ York 



©CI.A35i86-i 



TO 

Dr. J. C. REEVE, Jr., 

IN RECOGNITION OF A CONSTANT 
FRIENDSHIP. 



CONTENTS 



Introduction, «•••••. 

Preface, ........ 

Chapter /.—The Place of the Class in Physical Training, . 

Chapter //.—Grading of Exercises and Season Schedules, . 
Grading of Men — Grading of Exercises — Season Schedules 
for Various Classes — Elementary and Advanced Classes — 
Leaders — Optional Exercises — Examinations — College and 
School Work. 

Chapter. III. — Calisthenic Exercises, . 

GRADED APPARATUS EXERCISES 
Introduction, . . , . . 

Chapter IV, — Parallel Bars, 
Chapter V. — Horizontal Bar, . 
Chapter F/.— Side PIorse, 

Chapter VII. — Low Horizontal Bar„ . , 

Chapter VIII. — Long Horse, 
Chapter IX. — Horizontal Ladder, 
Chapter X. — Slanting Ladder, . 
Chapter X/.— FLYING RINGS, 

GENERAL MASSED CLASS EXERCISES. 
Chapter XII. — Buck Exercises, . 
Chapter XIII. — Jumping Standards (Front), . 
Chapter XIV. — Mat Exercises, . 
Chapter XV. — Running Exercises, 
Chapter XVI. — Standards AND Buck, . , 

Chapter XVII. — Buck and Standards, 
Chapter XVIII. — Side Horse and Buck, 
Chapter XIX. — JUMPING Standards (Side), 
Conclusion, , . . . « 



II 
17 



* * 


4? 




47 




48 




70 




91 




107 




126 




. 131 




142 


PC 


. 155 


H,». 


. 167 




. 169 




. 171 




. 173 




. 175 




. 176 




. 178 




. 180 




181 



INTRODUCTION 

// is the general agreement among scholars that each 
individual in coming to adult life must pass through 
stages of development corresponding to the development 
of the race from the earliest forms. This view of human 
origin puts emphasis upon physical training, for it has 
been through physical struggle of various hind's that the 
body as well as the mind has come to its present structure 
and functions. The cultivation of the body is then a 
necessary antecedent which must accompany and he 
basal to all development of mind and character. 

Among animals and among savages this training of 
the body is carried on in an unconscious way by means 
of the natural play % and sports of each species, but with 
the advancement of civili:(ed life we are seeing a new 
condition. Vi^e are compelling children to go to school 
earlier and earlier in life, and at school they must sit 
still. They must go to school for more and more months 
of each year and for an increased number of years, so 
that the natural activity of childhood is being materially 
lessened. We are finding with alarming rapidity that 
individuals come to adult life with inferior bodies and 
that deficient vigor, as well as lack of control, which 
is everyone's right. Coincident with this increase in 
school life and the consequent lack of physical exercise 
is a growth in city life. The majority of the population 
in the United States now live in cities, whereas only one 



hundred years ago only three per cent, of them lived in 
cities. City life has less opportunity for muscular ex- 
ercise than does country life. We are taking away the 
natural playgrounds of children, so that not only are 
we lessening their natural exercise by putting them in 
school, hut when they are out of school they do not have 
the opportunity for play and exercise that they used to 
have and should have. 

For these reasons, as well as for others, it makes it 
necessary for us to give particular attention to the de- 
velopment of the body. We must provide gymnasia, 
and in these gymnasia there must he carefully arranged 
opportunities for exercise in rational ways. 

We who are connected with physical training are not 
agrted wholly in regard to the details of our subject. 
The present time, however, is not one for the discussion 
of disagreements, hut for hearty co-operation along 
broad lines and of urging the necessity of physical exer- 
cise to meet the changed conditions of civilised life. 

Mr. Martin has made not only a successful study, but 
has for some years been ably carrying out the work de- 
scribed in the following pages,, and it is with pleasure 
that I commend it to the careful attention of all those 
who have to do in a practical way with the teaching of 
gymnastics. While they, like the writer of this intro- 
duction, may find points that might be questioned, still 
they will also, I am confident, agree that in other re- 
spects not only is there no question hut that important 
and valuable ivork has been done. 

LUTHER GUUCK, 



K, M. C. A. Training School, 

Springfield, Mass, 



PREFACE 

The necessity for such a work was brought forcibly to 
my attention when, as a member of the leaders' corps in 
the Physical Department of a Young Men's Christian 
Association, I met the following difficulties : 

First — The almost certain failure to have at my com- 
mand suitable exercises for a class when unexpectedly 
called upon to lead — if, indeed, any exercises at all would 
be remembered. 

Second — This first difficulty overcome by thoroughly 
learning, mentally as well as physically, a large number 
of exercises, there was no way of establishing a correct 
sequence of exercises for the men's best development. 

Third — The impracticability of the impromptu grading 
of exercises to secure not only the best bodily development, 
but that development of mind with body which brings out 
grace, power, agility, physical judgment and self-control. 

At the Physical Directors' Conference (Brooklyn, May 
17-27, 1898) the majority of the directors who expressed 
themselves were of the opinion that most boys and men 
need from the Y. M. C. A. physical education — at least 
until the public school assumed this work at the proper 
period of the boys' life, between 7 and 12 years of age. 

At present the vast majority of laborers, clerks and 
mechanics, and a large number of business, professional 
men and students need physical education in addition to 
their recreative, hygienic and corrective exercises. 



For the past eight years I have been attempting to solve 
these problems, and the methods I now use are on the 
following pages, meant mainly as a text-book for in- 
structors and leaders. 

Under the heading of "The Place of the Class in Physi- 
cal Training'^ will be found what, from my experience 
and careful watching of the work in many associations, 
seems to best fill to-day the needs of men in the line of 
physical training. 

The chapters following contain plans for class exer- 
cises, including a complete set of exercises graded for the 
apparatus, and general massed class work. 

Realizing the difficulty of mastering the nomenclature, 
only the simpler of the adopted terms are used, such as 
knee circle, riding seat, side and cross hangs, etc., the more 
difficult movements and positions being always fully ex- 
plained. 

GEORGE M. MARTIN. 



CHAPTER I. 

The Place of the Class in Physical Training. 

The place of the class in physical training has been re- 
ceiving serious attention of late, since, with the old- 
fashioned method of individual instruction in athletic and 
gymnastic events,, physical training was the fad of the 
few, while now the majority of men in our colleges and 
cities require this work. 

To-day the instructors in public school, college, club 
and Association gymnasia have to deal with hundreds; 
and for these, systems of massed class work are rapidly 
being formulated. 

From the beginning this work should be considered a 
matter of need and supply, rather than demand and sup- 
ply. A few men or boys will be found in every crowd 
who clamor for something until they get it, and then con- 
tinue clamoring for something else. To satisfy these de- 
mands, rather than the need of the majority, some in- 
structors attempt to have something special all the time. 
This is certainly one of the greatest mistakes in the pres- 
ent day work. 

The best aim in the world to-day is toward steady, ag- 
gressive work. Shall this be handicapped by developing 
in men a craze for something novel and exciting all the 



12 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

time? Plans should be made for a steady, systematic 
work, developing full manhood, unchanged by the mo- 
mentary wishes of the few. 

The present need is a work which will take the growing 
boy and develop him into full manhood. 

The exercises should therefore include : 

First — Those which will induce harmonious growth of 
all the muscles, and, as symmetry of muscle is not enough, 
these must include such exercises as tend to correct faulty 
positions of the skeleton, as drooping head and round 
shoulders. 

Second — As hygienic work, exercises heavy enough to 
induce faster and deeper breathing, free perspiration, in- 
creased heart action and stimulation to nutritive and circu- 
latory processes. 

Third — Physical Education, that variety of exercise and 
increasing difficulty of combination which keeps the brain 
alert, helps the memory and gives mastery to mind over 
body, thorough self-control, and the acquirement of cour- 
age, physical judgment and grace. 

These exercises are not only necessary to a man's educa- 
tion, but are intensely interesting to the pupil. The old 
method of one drill, often repeated, is fast being aban- 
doned. The fact that' it develops muscle alone, leaving 
out all the higher elements in man's nature, has forced it 
out of education. 

Fourth — Recreation. Man, as an animal, needs play 
and competition, and if the class is to be sufficient for com- 
plete physical training, it must include these elements. 

Thus, the class will be insufficient that does not contain 
the above named elements of — 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 13 

All-round muscular development, with corrective exer- 
cises ; 

Hygienic exercises, 

Physical education. 

Play and competition. 

All these elements should be supplied in a single class, 
and to cover these the class may be conducted in the fol- 
lowing manner : 

First — Class Marching. As men need the quality of 
obedience, and the habit of subjection to a recognized 
leader, with at times the suppression of individuality, to 
secure harmony with many others, the class should be 
started with 5 to lo minutes of military drill. The mind 
and body soon learn to obey instantly and accurately the 
commands of the instructor, and to work in unison with a 
large number. 

Second — From such drill the instructor may easily 
march his men into position for calisthenics. These exer- 
cises may be either with wand, dumb-bell, Indian club, at 
times various other appliances, or without apparatus. 
But, whatever the means used, there should be definite 
results, as follows : 

A slight warming up for the heavier work to follow. 

The exercising of the parts of the body : 

Forearm, upper arm and shoulder. 

Neck. 

Leg. 

Thigh. 

Waist. 

With attention paid to corrective exercises for the al- 
most universally faulty positions of spine and head. 



14 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

While using the above outHne in all calisthenic exer- 
cises, the lessons may be advanced from session to session 
by increasing the leverage for muscular development, and 
increasing the combinations and parts to be used simul- 
taneously, for mental development. Such a plan of exer- 
cise is considered pleasure and not work. (Refer to chap- 
ter on "Grading of Exercises and Season Schedules.") 

These exercises have been slightly hygienic, more cor- 
rective and as much educative as the instructor sees fit to 
make them. Duration, 15 minutes. 

Third — Apparatus Exercise. After the warming up 
of the calisthenic exercises, the pupils are ready for heav- 
ier physical work, and by squads are marched to the ap- 
paratus. (The methods of grading the exercises and the 
men may be studied in their respective chapters.) Suffice 
it to say here, there are squads of 5 to 10 men perform- 
ing exercises adopted to their physical and mental ability, 
for, even here, the exercises are not purely muscular and 
automatic, but graded. (See "Graded Apparatus Exer- 
cises.") 

For 20 minutes the leaders take them rapidly through 
the exercises set for their squad and grade. The most of 
this exercise is for physical development, but attention to 
form and ease and grace in accomplishing the exercises, 
and the combinations of the same, make the work educa- 
tive and at the same time pleasing. 

Fourth — Hycienic Exercises. The class is massed 
and fairly raced through lively jumping and vaulting 
exercises, as given in the chapter on "General Massed 
Class Exercises." 

Little restriction, plenty of enjoyment, some variety, 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 5 

accompanied with deep breathing, a lively heart and free 
perspiration, is the rule. This is continued 10 to 15 min- 
utes. 

Every third or fourth session this time is given up to a 
class competition. The stick, buck or bar is raised for 
a jumping or vaulting contest with from 25 to 100 entries. 
Usually but one or two trials are allowed. 

The first to fail doesn't care, for he is probably a new 
member, and will do better later. Each fellow is trying 
to beat his chum. The winner defeats perhaps 50 com- 
petitors. What could be more glory ? 

Thus a contest is held which has satisfied the competi- 
tive spirit in all. Few regularly organized athletic com- 
petitions, which are hard to manage, are necessary. No 
prize earning spirit is developed. Under these plans one 
Association ran for seven years without giving a prize, 
and it expects to continue the same indefinitely. 

Fifth — After this general exercise, a few minutes of the 
keenest enjoyment is spent in such events as leap-frog, 
knapsack or obstacle racing, or a game of three-deep tag, 
or one of a hundred other simple play exercises. 

The above is the outline for a general class of clerks 
and mechanics. 

For students, with whom energy is usually almost un- 
limited, the work is somewhat more spirited. 

For business men, the variety is kept, but no attempt 
made at education. Hygienic exercises in calisthenics and 
on apparatus substituted. Most of the jumping and 
recreation used. Very little competition. 

For boys 12 to 16 years of age, less apparatus work. 

For boys under 12 years of age, no heavy apparatus 



i6 Spalding's athletic library. 

work, and the use of the simplest games and races. 

The continuation of variety may be studied in the chap- 
ter on "Grading of Exercises and Season Schedules." 

This scheme of class work is the foundation for all the 
work to follow, and may be adopted by college, club or 
Association. In club and Association life, it has been 
found impossible to get men out regularly more than 
twice each week, and this work has been planned for that. 
It may, however, be easily used in colleges, where physical 
training is compulsory and definite hours set for the same. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I7 



CHAPTER II. 

Grading of Exercises and Season Schedules. 

Grading of Men — Grading of Exercises — Season Sched- 
ules of Class Exercises — Elementary and Advanced 
Classes — Examinations — Management of Leaders — 
Optional Exercises — College Work. 

A gymnasium, as a factor of combined physical and 
mental training, should be as a college with a definitely 
planned work, not only for one season, but a thorough 
course, not only in one line, but in all lines, rather than as 
a public library with training supplied on demand, with 
no regularity or restrictions beyond the whim of the user. 

If it be a good plan to have the different branches of 
study, necessary to a child's mental education, graded and 
divided as to difficulty and importance, and the teaching 
thereof scheduled as to time and frequency, is it not also 
a good plan to have the physical work graded, divided and 
scheduled? This is necessary for the school, college or 
Association, with some variation in plan to suit the differ- 
ent conditions. 

Realizing this, advice has come from meetings of Young 
Men's Christian Association Physical Directors that the 
men be divided into five grades, with corresponding five 
grades of exercises. They have suggested the grade lim- 
its, but have left undecided the kind and number of exer- 
cises to be used. 

A few exercises in each grade to be constantly repeated 



'l8 SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

is not sufficient. There should be a full season's grading 
of exercises, including a large number of exercises and 
combinations, that not only better physical results may be 
attained, but better mental and physical education. Exer- 
cises are far from best which deal only with the physica^ 
side of man. 

Instead of lo exercises in a grade, there should be from 
75 to 150 exercises, graded not only as to physical but to 
mental advancement, introducing memory, muscular con- 
trol, physical judgment, courage and grace, which a few 
exercises, often repeated, does not produce. 

Using the more popular pieces of apparatus as often 
as possible and still giving all-round work, and alternat- 
ing the use of high and low exercises, the parallel bars and 
horizontal bar are used about ten times each, the side 
horse eight times, the rings and ladders about six times 
during the season. As long horse work is very limited, 
but two lessons are planned for. Overhead parallels may 
be substituted for ladders. 

As in 20 minutes the average squad covers 10 to 12 
exercises, the number in each grade thus varies with the 
piece from 75 to 150. 

As men will attend more regularly when two days a 
week are set for them than when given a choice of five or 
six days, the work should be planned for definite hours on 
definite days for a stated season, as, eight o'clock, Tues- 
day and Friday, from September 15th to May 15th. In 
colleges, on account of outdoor work, the season will 
begin later and end sooner; and after counting out the 
holidays, sessions may be held three or four times each 
week with this schedule. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. IQ 

Thus, in one or two seasons of systematic exercise, a 
man will become so habituated to regular exercise, that, 
missing his class, he will keep up some regular work. 

After the plan of the class, and these general sugges- 
tions upon the grading of men and exercises, there are 
brought for attention the following season schedules, or 
outlines to be followed during the season : 

Schedule No. i needs very little explanation here, as 
the same is given in the chapters on "Calisthenic Exer- 
cises," "Graded Apparatus Exercises,^' and "General 
Massed Class Exercises." 

The games and races are those in general use. Others 
may be substituted at times. 

The figures to the right of each piece of apparatus show 
the method of bookkeeping. 

Leaders are given slips with their work as follows : 

Leader H. J. Martin. 

Date. May 13, 1898. 

Class Elementary. 

Division First. 

Grade First. 

Apparatus Side Horse. 

Commence Exercise No. 50. 

Ended 

Number of Pupils 

Upon completing his time, the leader fills in the last two 
items, say. Ended at 61. Number of pupils, 7. At his 
convenience, the instructor enters the number 62 oppo- 
site the side horse on his schedule as the exercise with 
which that squad will next commence. The slip is filed 



20 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

for future reference as to leaders on duty, attendance, etc. 
Leaders should call the roll for their squad when the class 
is so large that the instructor cannot remember all pres- 
ent, and mark them up after class. 

Optional Work. — At the end of each session, one or 
two optional exercises may be given, and, at times, for the 
leaders' interest and development, he may use six, eight 
or ten of the scheduled exercises, then make up his own 
for the remaining time. The few given from schedule 
will be a guide as to degree of difficulty. 

Elementary and Advanced Classes. — At the begin- 
ning of the season there are usually several squads in the 
first grade, and in a new field all will be in this grade. In 
a short time the brighter and stronger pupils will easily 
pass into the second grade, and some, before the session 
is finished, into the third. 

According to the number in the various grades, differ- 
ing with years and places, the men should be divided, 
where possible, into two classes, an elementary and ad- 
vanced, or Junior (boys under i6). Intermediate (ele- 
mentary) and Senior (advanced) classes. 

Either the first two, or sometimes the first three, grades, 
as given in the schedule, will work in the elementary class, 
taking as a massed class, elementary calisthenics and gen- 
eral exercise. 

The more experienced men do not care to take calisthen- 
ics and play games with beginners, and if both are on the 
floor at the same time the beginners will stand around 
and look on while the advanced pupils develop the muscle. 
It is advisable, however, to secure several advanced pupils 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 21 

as leaders. This number will be so in the minority that 
they act as examples and not as monopolies. 

The last two or three grades will then work together 
(at separate hours if possible) and receive not only ad- 
vanced apparatus exercises, but advanced calisthenics and 
general exercise. (Refer to Schedule No. 2 and chap- 
ters on "Calisthenics," "Apparatus Exercises" and "Gen- 
eral Massed Class Exercises.'^) 

With this comes the question of examinations. Either 
Dr. McCurdy's examination blank may be used and cer- 
tificate given, or the instructor may select typical exer- 
cises on side horse, horizontal bar and parallel bars, these 
being sufficient in passing from grade to grade, except 
upon passing from elementary to advanced class, when 
the examination should include calisthenics and general 
exercise. These exercises should include those which 
most nearly call for the elements of the grade, whether 
skill, strength, agility, memory, form, or all these. At- 
tention to form is necessary from the beginning. This 
soon becomes automatic and allows more attention to be 
given to the developing of the other lines of memory, co- 
ordination, etc. 

Suggested examination exercises for apparatus : 

Horizontal Bar. 
First to Second Grade. 

1. Pull up to chin, twice. 

2. Hang — raise knees forward — alternate releasing 
right and left hand and placing them on hips. 

3. Swing toes to bar, keep arms and legs straight. 



^2 SMLDING^S athletic LiBRARV. 

Second and Third Grade. 

1. Raise legs to half lever. 

2. Pull up to chin — swing. 

3. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang. 

Third to Fourth Grade. 

1. Legs and arms straight — raise toes upward to bar. 

2. Pull up to chin — swing. 

3. Raise knee to knee-hang outside hands right — • 
swing up to seat. 

Fourth to Fifth Grade. 

1. Upstart. 

2. Legs in half lever — pull up to chin. 

3. At end of forward swing bring right leg to knee 
hang outside of hands right, and continue circling to seat 
— knee circle backward. 

Side Horse. 
First to Second Grade. 

1. Squat vault. 

2. Front rest at saddle — alternate circling right and left 
leg forward to side riding seat and return. 

3. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest in 
saddle — half right turn to front rest on neck — half left 
circle with right leg — return — down. 

Second to Third Grade. 

1. Squat vault to back rest — off forward. 

2. Rear vault. 

3. Squat left leg to side riding seat — half left circle, 
right leg — half left circle, left leg — half right circle, right 
leg— half right circle, left leg— half left circle, right leg- 
off. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 23 

Third to Fourth Grade. 

1. Front rest — half left circle, right leg — half right 
circle left leg, with three-quarter right turn to riding seat 
on croup — backward scissors — off forward. 

2. Feint right — rear vault left, quarter turn left. 

3. Right circle with right leg. 

Fourth to Fifth Grade. 

1. Feint right — screw backward right to riding seat on 
neck — forward scissors — feint left — front vault right. 

2. Run, thief jump from left foot to side riding seat, 
right leg forward — half right circle, left leg with three- 
quarter right turn to riding seat on croup — feint right — 
right circle with right leg — feint left — rear vault right. 

3. Squat to back rest — scissors sideways right to riding 
seat on croup — feint right — rear vault left. 

Parallel Bars. 
First to Second Grade. 

1. Cross rest at end — walk forward. 

2. Cross rest — swing to outside seat right — return and 
same left. 

3. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest, facing 
out — swing to riding seat on right bar behind hand — re- 
turn and same left. 

Second to Third Grade. 

1. Jump up to riding seat over bars — hands in front — 
swing legs down and up to riding seat over bars — repeat 
across bars. 

2. Still dip. 

3. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest, facing 
out — walk backward. 



24 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Third to Fourth Grade. 

1. Spread up over right bar to outside seat left — rear 
vault right, half left turn. 

2. Swing — jump forward with each forward swing. 

3. At end, face out — grasp bars and turn to riding seat 
over bars — spread off forward. 

Fourth to Fifth Grade. 

1. Three rolls forward across bars, coming to riding 
seat after each roll — handspring off end. 

2. At side of bars. Flank vault right over near bar — 
flank vault left over off bar. 

3. From riding seat at center of bars — roll backward to 
riding seat. 

When examining for admittance to the advanced class, 
several exercises should be selected for wand, dumb-bell, 
Indian club and free exercise. Also the pupil should be 
tested, either in jumping, running or potato racing. 

About 75 per cent, of what is deemed perfect should be 
required for the man to pass. 

Schedule No. 3. — Refer to "Calisthenic Exercises" for 
the calisthenic work given business men. 

The apparatus and jumping exercises are the very 
simplest, being almost entirely hygienic. Nothing over a 
half turn used in jumping. Some competition allowed. 
Much recereative work with basket and medicine balls, 
etc. 

Schedule No. 4. — Calisthenic work for boys is explained 
in the chapter on "Calisthenics." The remaining work of 
the schedule explains itself. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 25 

Little can be done in the public school until each has its 
own gymnasium, when the work caji be used as in Sched- 
ule No. 4. 

In high school and college gymnasia, where an hour 
several times a week is set apart for physical training, 
Schedules Nos. i and 2 can be followed almost as they 
stand. 





O 






^ "^ 




^ Cu 




1^S 


in 


< 


oB 


hJ 


U 


-^^ 


Q 


^ CC 


W 


==^ 


C/5 


a o 


-< 








f^ 








go 



M pq 

1^ o 



Is 






■2s 

05 =3 



!pq 






1^ 

^ I 



Ph hS 



0) 




o 








cS 




'^ 




-^1=: 




3 03 


be 


3M 


^ 


c1^ 


a 


ce^ 


a* 


II 


(» 

T3 


ci 



bcPQ 

O cd 

WW 





1-1 


bf; 








O) 




^ 




;_! 




c 












1 ^ 


;-l 


^a 


Oj 

o 




^ 


cS-^ 


tx 


^« 




f^^ 


G 


cCPh 


02 



% 



I 

o 

o3=:i 
^ 03 

bcPQ 

O 03 
WW 



CO 



r-^bt- 



bcS 



oSrii 
bcpq 

1 a* 



— , >^ 

N-t- 

O cS 

o 3 



a- 

. =^ 

S be 



03 
PQ 

o o 



P^ 



PhW 




Is 



o3 

[o; be 






3h n 



o o 



r-l 


1-1 u 


'^ 


-• 


-H 




'U 










■TS 






— < 


of. 






S 


"cS JO 


X3 O 


03 be 


n C 


.~ 


ce ^ 


^a 


^.H 


H^S 


P^ 


^^ 



o c 



►So 





a; 


iH 


1-t 












'^ 


03 




1 

n 


i b£ 




a) 
be 


cn 


Eo.h: 


h^a: 


« 



o3 cS 






pq 

1,^ 



to ;-! 

T3 
. S^ 
^^ 

S b£ 



HqW ^gp^M a g 



13 cc 



pq 
oS 



OCX 

go 



CO 


<-< 


i> 




>o 






tj 










-n 


1 


^ o 


o'^ 


pq 
o o 


ibe 


2i 


GOffi 


Wh^l 


Jffi 


^.S'Sp^ 



^ pq 



si 






ftpq 



'o 

CD 0^ 



S o 






CO 


(M 


-^ 


N 


U3 


CO 


cc 




cc 




CC 




« 




^ 




a:) 




cc 








cc 
















o 




a 




o 


X2 ^ 




313 


S5^ 


i 


(X) J-. 




faW 


Qcq 


P^W 


p: 


P^H 


Qpq 



.2^ 



H 



a; 
o 



TO ^^ 
?H OS 

^ PhPQ 



1 


1-1 


;-i 




S 






;3 


Sj 


W 


c.SS 


=H 


O o 




N ^ 




•r< (D 


02 


^^ 


o 


Wi 


ffi 


^3 

o s 


X3 


.-:io' 


W 



^15 



o ^. 



PhW 



1° 



0:z2 
71 ^j:" 



rr> 


® 


73 


o 


^ 


c 


d 


cS 






C 


03 


-2 

C/2 




=^3 

^ 
(•-) 




-1 


o^ 


w 


W^ 



«2 






t3 03 

■^32 S S 




















CD 


1) 


-^Jai 


1 




^ 


'O 


13 


C5 


o 


3-M 


O 03 


« 


S^ 


73 


1^ 


1— 1 


B3^ 





1 "^ 




1 ^ 




CsG 




Si§ 




3aQ 




^=H 




'^'^ 


^J 




1 


M^ 


1 


bJD— 


^ 
c^ 


alS 


3 


3 ?3 


m 


Phcc 






1^ 

o ^ 



eg 
::3 S' 



0) se a (i( 





ffi 


03 


1 


rn 


■rt 03 






a 


0^ ;- 


Oj 

S 


n cc 


xs'O 




,(j 




03 


t^ 


g 



_ I 

O as 









cS 03 
PhCQ 



CO , 


oo 


o 


O 


*« 5?; 


-^s 




00 


CO 


CO CO 

73 


w 






^ 


73 




o o 


03 

be 




03 b£ 


ws 


h^W 


« 


H^ffi 


^.S 






.^i 


eo 


o 


o 


o 


ce 


CO 


rj< 


Cfc 


eo 


PQ 






03 




1 


CD 


S 


M, 


03 


•i^ 


0.^ 


^:^ 


is: ^• 


be 


o S 


-c o 


O 53 


o c 


^ 


MS 


SW 


Wt^ 


.^M 


Ph 



03 ^ 

PhPQ 



SO 
O ^ 



w 



CD 
04 


5 






f-i 


c 






.-O 


03 cC 


t^T:! 




O 03 


03 ce 


Wh^l 


Pnpq 



to %^ 

c3 
PQ 






03 P5 



73 
73 

■ «^ 



o3 be 



S ce 
ipH:a 



s^ 


^ 


1-1 

eo 


eo 

CO 


pq 






ce 


• le 


.1 


.73 


P-) 


73 O 


o'i 


o o 


W Nib^ffi 


Wv^ 


h^W 



^3 



lO 


a 


« 


'1< 


« 


eo 


;-i 






03 

pa 


5f5 


03 


^^• 


.t3 


ce 03 


o o 


O r- 


ce ^ 


^tn 


fflj 


^P5 



bc^ 



CO 


I^J 


00 u 


CO 


«o , 


CO 


S 


« 




an « 

73 


rt< 


-'s 


CO 






73 


__ 


pq 






s 




■ ^ 


le 03 


rS 


.^ 


_£ 


. fl 


^n 


ce bJD 


c3 ce 


d? 


73 o o ce 


P5 


h^W 


?75.5 


£pq 


ffl^ 


'^W:ffiH^ 



03 
PQ 

Is 



02 it; 



© C33 



X5 

Qp:i 








t- 


03 
73 

1 


73 :3 

53 






5^ 

QCQ 



fRH 






g 03 
fiPQ 



-O 3 
55 



35 



cs-c 

-1-3 --I 

C/2 3QI 



5pq 



12 

O 



;m 



O £ 






3 cS 






c^ 



I 

O ct 

C TO 



o <c 











c3 




r-( 




^ 


-^3 


Old 


tJD 


M =? 


q=l 


jrtW 




-^^ 


<v 


?^ 




^1 


1 






-M O 

S C 
Mo 



^ 


l-H 


:^^ 




^ 






pq 


>-< S-i 




T3 

a 




^ 


03 

13 


w^ 


OJ 


X3^ 


(S 


^ 


^^ 


4J 


fl 


c a 


o3 


CS 


ce o 


g 


^ 


^4:^ 



1^ 



ISM 



;m 



03 _a; 

&£« 

5 ^ 

as 
o o 



O o3 
P ' 



S ft 



02 ^ 



M 



o o 



"3 cc 

'—I M 

03 !? 



M 
o S 



^_M_W_N_ccffl_|W_^h5_ 

'■* O CO CO f- « 



>h:i ^ 



M 












iA 



CS Oj 

03 cS 



OhMW N 






03 tic o O 



CO 



M 
o o 



s 


-s 


S 


§5I 


_l 


M 




^3 


0) 






ce 


^5 


n 


0) ^ 


ibc 


ws 


^« 


5c .H 









So 

Ph -^ 



^ 


00 


to '^ 


O 


lO 


'!*< 


t- 


CO 


I- 


00 


'^ , 


O) 




<M 


,-1 CD 
13 


« 


"^ 


O 


.-( 


CO 


1-1 


o* 


-^s 


« 


o ^ 


i 


i3 


Is 

o3 cS 


M 


.1 

t3 C 




1 


03 

be 
a 


2 

05 ce 


M 

SI 


.1 

^ o 


WJ 


h^a 


S.^ 


a;m 


ws 


J^ffl 


^^ 


h-lffl 


M 


OhM 


a^^ 



en 

■D 
03 be 



EH 



»H 


t~ 


CQ 


t- 










05 








C 








03 
















O 


rO 


o 


TS 


^m 


PM 


Is 


1 






03 
03 



=5 o 
QM 





00 






(D 




03 


03 


P 


'C 








as 



feW 



QM 



C3 
I— lU 



am 



ipq 






bCcC 



1-2 









1-^ 






3 O 3 



3^ ii 3 






«5 

















ctf 






^pq 






1^ 






ci^ 






-G CC 




be 


3 


% 

•^ 


-M 


o ,• 


;-i 


P. 
0) 


=^! 




0) 


Cug 




-c 


SI 


o 


ro 


^ 



I 

O 133 

3 ra 






m 



•;:: a; 
-^ 
3 CO 
3 as 

P^pq 



-^ be 



3^ 

is 



c 

^3 
O eg 






a- eg 



^ 





W^ 


rH 










. oi 


^ 




1 


O 


3 


4J 


3 

PQ 


w 


2 


--^ 


=y 


^ 


-a 


1 


1 

cc 


2 


M 


^3 


be 


0^ 


3 


•7-t 


T-( 


cS 










Mj 


02 


02 



_ , ,pq 

CO ^ 



fig 
W M 

HO 



Oi 


<3) 


ei « 


» 


» 


» 


tr- 


«o 


« ;-( 


» 


» 


» 


ta -^ 


CO 


'^i^ 








(D ^ 


•"^ 










a 




^3 








a; 




•a 








pq 

■^1 






PQ 


^1 


Is 

ee ce 


pp 

O r 




i3 


PP 
^5 


be 


Is 


wy 


JkW 


m.= 


JM 


W^q 


cum 


ffiS 


a2W 


aii 


h^lffi 


S 


PhPQ 



^ pq 



O 



- ;-i * 

t ^ pq 

3 u . 

cj be o O 






cc ft 






eo , 

^^ 

pq 
■ "5 

is 






U5 -^ 
CO O 

t: 

■73 
. ce 

^^ 

S b£. 



! PQ 



W^ PMpq 
eo (i* CO CO 



» 


tt 






c3 




pq 




•iS 


a>S 




'C o 


W^ 


XW 



eo J-i OS 



Oipq 



._1 ce ,,, 

O g !T3 O 



. =e 

3 ^ 

eg be 

77^ 3 



PQ 



o ce 



^tUJffi J fSpq 



o S 



T3 C 



05 J-i 

73 

ce 

i be 

55 .5 



PQ 



b o 






Sg 



lo O 



1-1 


00 


CO 


e<i 


0) 


CO 


'!j< 


^ 


^ 


« 


>o 


^rr 


r-l 


t-t 


w,^ 




«rO 


S 


«rc 


r-) 


<M ^^ 




® 






® 




O; 




O 




0) 














cc 




CC 








o 


^ 


73 


o 


r5 rn 


o 


-P 


o 


'O 


'3 


^ 


II 




3 

ce 


2^ 


Indifi 
Club 
Free 
Exer 


ll 


35 a:) 


g 
^ 




Qaa 



73 3 













1 




LI 


br 


1 

8 


1^ 




1 




< 
o 


< 

•C5 


1 

p. 




l|l 
III 


P- p,4i 

« a'bc 

SS3 


1 gd 


be 

P. 

2 


Ct CO 
icO 

1 o 

?H C 


p 
s 

6 
a 


a-— . 

1 


be 

P 
a- 
o 

V 

CO 


P 




'« 1' 


-d 


< 


M 


r^v\ 


r-« 


N 


.^s 


CO 


r 1 


i^ 


< 


1 
1 




be 
1 


fi 


CO 


+3 

be 




si 


(A 




cc o 


CO 






1 z; 




"Sa 


05 


If 

El 
^§ 
■£« 


1 


4J 


"S 1 

g be 

si 


1 


1 

b£ 

.5 
ft 

02 




1 

<A 


1 
i 

1 CS 


IT 

II 

72 ^i^ 


li 

be .5 


s 


fig 




£3 




^1 

•si 

Si 


CD 

T3 C 


,l» 


II 


X3 

bi 


le CO 
CO 


o ? 
to 

« 


S 

IS 

11 




CO 

O d 


1 




CO 

CO 

b£ 

C 




CO 

a; 


Is 
£1 




;2 

^ o 
i2W 


2| 

S bl 


CO 

'O o 


< 

o 


11 
Eg 


r-l 


CO 




CO 

.J 
33 h^ 


li 




xs c 


i bi 

Ec.£ 


L3i 


CO 

bj 

c 

^2, 


r-t 

!"3 CO 
1 S ct 


'1 

•=l 

JJ 


^ o 


% 


1 CO 


«* it- 


Tt* 


CO 


00 


»o 


o 


lO 


CO 


^ 


CO 


< 
o 

Q 
W 


^1 
1| 






© a 
u V- 


1 


li 

5c 




1^ 


(J 

4 
a 


i 1 


III 


> 

3 a(^ 


ill 


5 ^ 



































:e 




■^ 
























pq 




w 








1 




"cS 




^ 




"3 




-u 




■+J 










pq 




^ 




pq 




















4^ 




m 






1 

g 


1 








i 




^ 
g 




1 




1 




1 


< 


i 




6 








S 


p; 

'r-t 




^- 




pq 




fc£ 


^ 


M 


3 


B^ 


t£ 


^ 


s 


bD 


cS 


a 


^ 




p 




i 

P. 




0) 


p. 


o 


O 
1 




"o 


Q 
1 


be 
a 
a 




C3 






II 


1 


1 


a 


CO 

s 


0) 
CO 


be 
H 


"3 

a 

M 


2 

a 




CO 




04 4i 


« 




-^i 


^ 




« 


N 




>o 




1 

H 

o 

w 

O 




5 


i 
















bco 




a 




cfi ex 
02 CC 


o 

J/2 


1 

pq 


o 

1 ^ 

IS 

02^ 


1 

a 
a 


8 
CO 

1 

1 


be 

J- 

pq 


IS 

CS 1 

la 

03 &H 


d 

CO 

4-1 

3 
pq 


-p o 
^ S 
bc=^ 

M 


1 

1 

1 


! 

becD 
a 0) 




o 


^ 








»^ 












. 






T3 

3 be 


3a 


be 


Is 


eg 
W 

SI 


IS 


0) 

II 


3S 


73 

-Ul— 1 

cc be 
S.2 


le CO 


1 

II 


a ^ 
o o 


Sw 














^ 














r 




tS 


;_! 






iS 






L< 


-d 




S 


1" 


C6 

o 


.1 

'2 © 




1^ 


a 

a 


In 

c3 cS 


PQ 

■a 


.1 

-g o 


.'a 
31 


o o 


i be 


■^ CO 


pq 




w 


^W 


^.5 


h^W 


s 


cSw 


wS 


JcW 


Wh:^ 


h^ffl 


^.s 


Sg 




CD 


CO 


CO 


t- 


t- 


;5 


00 


t- 


O) 


oo 


o 


00 


(M 


. ?^ 


«» 


r-l 


r-t 


«*C0 


r-4 


«co 


i-t 


<^C0 


t-H 


w«, 


I-t 


tH 


w. ^ 


Oj 






O) 






O) 




Oj 




a; 






ota 




CO 

1 




f^W 


0) 


S CO 


_co 


Si 

Qpq 


.22 


1 


CO 




1^ 

-o a 
5o 




CO 


O 


o 


CO 


t- 


o 


■^ " 


r^ 


__," 
















T-H 


T-l 




'^. 


(M 


(M 


CO 


d 








S 


^ 


^ 


■ 


• 


li 




_^ 


4_3 


• 








H 


o 


o 


-^ 


r^ 


'u 


o 


O 


M 


o 


S 








ft 


O 


o 


o 


c 


O 


o 


o 


O 


o 






\ 











U 



c3 « 
O CS 








-M 












bf) 








^ 












o 




c3 








fc[) 












Cl— 1 


ir 


&■?, 




^w 


a 


a^ 


O) 


0) 23- 


0) 


^^Ic 


^ 


"O s 


CO 


ciisa 



2cq 



'O 


<M 






c3 




Q 




X5 


rr 




-^ 






o ce 


03 


7^ 


t3 






'^ s 


Xfl 






03^ 


^ 


T3^ 


mo 





eo 





aa 
















<i> 
























3 












































n 




ti 




pq 
















.).:} 




bt =s 




0) 




flW 




,isj 








cc 








C5 

pq 










C CS 








^pq 


a 


1 


bf 


O G 


O 


1 


0) 




'O 


•t: 


^ 


sS. 


c 


eg 


eo 


Mo 


5 


W 



o;g 



ill 

m 



33S 



c« 




CO 


X3 


1 




4j 






'A' ^ 


CS 




«-G 

cq ^ 


pq 

if 




_. o 


cLi^ 




^=2 


^7 


^J. 


^3 


f:l 


o*, 


O s5 


H-1 1 


h-l> 


cof^ 



o 

li 

bC-r-^ 

^ b£i 



pq 

O O 



o c 



m5 






c3 ce 
pL(pq 



pq 

o o 
hJ3 






la 



fflcq 



P-(23 



(D 


;-! 








-H 


0/ 


O 


? 


^ 




^^ 


c 


c 


W 
^ 


Sbr: 


pq 

o o 






o 




C» 


eg .id 


h^ffi 


w 


puC3 


fficq 


eg 



S53 



le 


cc 


a; 








"cS 
















G 


o 


'^ 


a 




— H 


G 




a; 

■a 


c3 t<C 


pq 


G 


ce OS 


O 

N 

"u ' 

o S 


Wpq 


eg 


m:6 


hJM 


m 


Oh a: 


Kpq 








•[H 


OS 




•""^C 


r-4 




c 




G 

c3 


cc 


j2 






eo 



-^ G 
Grt 



W iO |T}< 


>-» 


« cc N w ^ 


« 


a. o 




cc 


cc 










=^ -^ .,, 


« 


"C 




2§ 


G 


fiHtq:q25 


f^H 








5^- 

Qpq 



G 
G-3 



-o — 



is, 



II 











03 




pq 




4J 




<u 




^ 








c3 




M 




03 




a 




ctf 




;h 




t^ 




^ 


fcc 




c3 


a 


^ 


cc 


P.' 


o» 


T3 


(^ 


CO 











oi 




w 




4J 




© 




4i! 




rr 




eS 




M 




<nj 




o 




cC 








i> 


•*J 


o 


be 


!-* 


q=l 


s 
1 


1 




X5 




bo 










44 






" ,^ 


PQ 


fl 


f/j 


OJ S 


'O 


? o 






c3 


ced 


'C 


-^a 






cC 


S S 






3Q 


02.?^ 



o 
MM 





CO 


a) 




-O 








rt 




'O 




C 




cc 








r/7 




•e 


-* 


^ 


^ 


o 


o 


13 




M 


n 



I p. 



I =^ 

cS 3 cS 






(A 



i:: -c L-, eg 
2 o3 ly a; 



cc=^:mQ 



w 






cs >:^ 
o ss 

gee 
.S -1-3 

?;^ 



fa '^ 

MM 

fa O 



c3 

3k 



« be 





_^ 




i§ 




a 


o 


d 






<A CO 








c6 c3 


5 eg 


PmM 


WW 


u 




a> 




'O 




t: 






0) 


tJ^ 


la 



.§1 



m 



Si ! o o 
w3l-a 



D^'P^eqiffipq 



u 

■ =S 
c3 be 



pq 



o o 
JW 



Sh 






Kt-^ 



eg 
M 

o o 



_eS be 

CC.2 






'kw 



^ 


13 










;_, 




o 


i=i 1^ 


eg 






Si 


fQ 


CO 


© 






■CO 


W-; 


h^W 


5 



eg eg 



O eg 
WPP 



C/J CC 



eg 

3 be 





04 


CO 


^8 


<M 


W 03 


i| 


CO 


^ 


1 




a 






H 






< 






ft 







CO 



eo 


»o 


<N 




CC 


1^ 


d 


eg 


-a -i 


^ 


56 







00 


CO 


C5 


"rr 


<M 


CO ^ 


<D 




Oi 


cc 






'o 


^ 


'o 


Is 


3^. 


?;§ 


Ei^Cd 


ttpq 


P^H 



CO 

1 


o 

'* CO 

ll 


-._co 

5 o 
Qpq 









eg CO 



MM 

































~^ 




ce 








eti 




W 




— ( 




W 




-4-3 








-M 








« 




0) 




4i4 
CO 




4^ 








C5 




o 




1 


PQ 




-^ 




PQ 


•o 




f^. 


s 




$ 




i 








1^ 


5-s 


^ 


3 
o 








^2 


^ 

^ 

i 






•a 
eo 






0) 



03 02 



3 
cqffi 



pq- 






I 

a 
g 
3 

SI 



3 



C X 

tic 



W 



Ms 

I o 

5 I 

5qS 



OQ 








;3 












>> 




X5 




_, 








CC 




X5 




-a— 1 




c'S 


be 


^M 


f. 






n^ ® 


a 


^ •« 


Oi 




03 


O cS 


-o 


ffiffi 


ci 



03^ 

CO \^^ 

- Q.S-' 



P^l'^ 



L- 1? o3 

c .5 =e 

t)C ::2 c 

CO ^ 



fl iS • C 03 
.^ +j |._ -u 







_ 








^ 






cS 




c3 












ce 






•iS 












-S 


a . 


— 1 


C3 






o3 


'O 


1 


c 


orizo 
addei 
aralle 
ars 


1 

O ni 


^1 

o o 




pq 

n O 


§ be 


1^^ 

^ 0=, 


1^ 


WkI 


^M 


Wpq 


h^^B 


s 


.^W 


cc.ti 


PhPQ 


Wpq 



73 O 



go 



S-i 


1 




1 






^ 






o3 


C2 L. 


— 1 


fl 








'C5 


-—I 


o o 


11 


1^ CO 


1 

O c6 


S o 


CO 

be 

c 


pq 

o o 


eg 

i be 


ci cS 


h^W 


^^ 


Pnpq 


WPQh^W 


s 


^W 


i»d 


PMpq 



Wpq 



II 



cS 

^^ 

o o 
h5W 









pq 



3k 






1ft 


i-< 


lO 


c<t 


''co 


C4 


05 


CO 




03 








P^H 


Qcq 






I— lO 






«pq 



^ 



(T) -J 






&hH 



iQoq 



3 d 



AM 



pq 






C 0) 

eg 73 













03 




w 




-M 




0) 








03 




eS 




P 


p. 

a 


8 


s 


M 




-tj 


fe: 


c 


O 


cfi 






C 




^ 


3 























CtJ 




""^ 






OP 




bJ 






^ 




P 






crt 




-^ 






t^ 










1 




& 




a? 


^ 


jj 


QJ 








tie 


;h 


be 


0) ra 


f!w 


fcc 


CO 


or 


;-4-^ 


« 






cc -^ 












C.fr 


^r^ 




O 




O ^ 




3 


'O 


J- o3 


ffiPQ 


P4 


Ph 


CO 


P=H» 






I =^ I 



1^ <i' 
I o cc 
P o 





eo ^ 


::i^ < 


^ 

§ 


C5 




w 


ii 


S o 


•o 




op^ 








1 ^ 

Si 


t:! CO 


% 2 
.5^ fin 


■o-^ 


r ,^ 


^ 1 


s d) 


.S-tJ 






IS 





pq 

3 be 






« 


C4 ( 


^ 




o 




3 


c 


=^ 


1*^ 


0) 

CO 


ii^ 






fi 


z 1 

r3 4J 


O) 


c c 


^ 


02 P^ 



^ I j-i I 






"3 cc 



O c3 

MM 



i be 



05 



II 



13 cc 



C 0* o5 cS 



Mpq 



03 be 

ma 



03 

W 

^ -^ 

o o 



i o 
CO ^12 

be, cs 

Ph PhW 






CI 

o 

N 

O J3 



1^ be 



TO 



03 ajJ o "-> 



13 


13 


a; 


-M 




;^ 


§ol 


S 


fi 








^"G il ^ 


J-i tn 


^ 


O 03 53 cS 


O eS 




Wh:; D.m 


Kpq 


02 



03 be 



W 
o c 



ii 



o 



2S 






cc 

a; 





O 


o 




^rr 


eo 




O) 




cc 


..2 


i»= 


$ 


fiJw 


12 



CO Q 



o 


CO 


CO 

1 

be 

C 

-1-3 

2 

w 


CO 

s 

la 

S 




4J 
CO 

c3 
02 


CO 

'o 

d 


1 

■4-3 




13 


w 
1 

1 


PQ 
-(J 


0) 

i 

i 




i 

a 

< 

1 




is 

? o 
IS 


d 

U 

If 

3 2 


t-< 

d 

CO 

T 


Hg 

II 

^ be 

a 


PQ 
1 

1 
o 
W 

1 


1-H 

d 


C4^ 

=^ 

i 

c 

p 
1 

CO 


CO ,. 
CO S 

si 

a'S 
5(1 


1 

0) 


1 
1 


d 

il 
11 

« s 


Oil 

CO 

CO' 

1 

1 

.(J 
















Is 


-1-3 

a 

^1 


1 
II 


3 
ll 


Is 

^1 


15 




ft S 
















le CO 

^1 


1 
ll 


& 
3S 


1 

Mm 




1 

ll 
II 


^1 

si 




CO 

1 




CO 

a 

CO 

'o 


CO 

OS 


55 


CO 

_co 


i-H 


^1 

11 


c 


CO 
OJ 
CO 

'o 

Is 




i-H 

5a 




tH 

O 




00 

8 


G<1 

1-1 

-1-3 


i 


-(J 

6 


8 


CD 

+3 

8 




c3 









o 

H 


c3 


43 

1 

02 


1 

1 


1 
1 


1 


1 

<D 


PQ 
Pq 


PQ 
<v 

B 

'B 

I 


2s 


a 
d 


"3 
pq 

43 

1 

C 

2 




1 

cq 

43 

0) 

CO 

1 


1 
s 


«4< 


c 

"a 

c 

-p 


is 

It 


1^ 

I 


43 

pq 
d 




d 

43 


h 

^pq 

P 


CO 

2 


o 

pq 

o 

0) 


1 

43 

a* 
il 

IT 
II 


73 

i| 

•goo 

02 (M 


pq 

CO 






1 
1 

ll 


o 


1 


1 
§ 

ll 




1 
ll 


Is 


13 

.§ 
II 


1 


3 

ll 


a! 




1 

ll 


^1 


1 




13 

1 

II 


II 


ll 


1 

3S 


1 
1 

ll 


2 
PMpq 


ll 

O cS 


1 
5» 


3 

i 

o J3 

Km 


^1 








Is 


CO 

1 




CC 


eo 


CC 


CO 

1 


CO 


<* 


eo 

ll 


1 
s 


1 

























s 



^ 


73 


























o 


52 


























% 


4J 


















;h 








w 


^ 


















O) 








Ph 


_bc 


















M 








o 




















a 










P3 












-H 






S 






;:- 




CC 


]i 




i 


br 


"rf 


1 


eg 


2 


i-i— I 

<fH . 1 


be 


eg 


^ 




U 








i5 
0- 


PQ 

■4J 


G 


-1-3 




eg 


pa 


c 






OJ 




0? 


0) 


'S 


a> 


^ 


> O) 


Cm 


d) 


is 




M 


fl 


^ 


8 


^ 


^ 


CO 


0. 
eg 


G-^ 


S 


CO 


hs 




S3 


3 


eg 


rs 


1 


^ 


eg 


G 


D eg 


■0 


eg 


(D 




ZCi 


oq 


Ph 


n 


e^ 


g 


pq 


W 


PhCD 


eo 


m 


s 






04 






eo 




rH 








O) 


Oil 


r-« 


H 
















4J 


















CO 






01 

eg 




'0 




3 




1 

G-c 






"^ 


1 . 


03 


1 


i 


G* 


1 




eg 
S 


P5 


1 . 


C ^H 

!-i eg 




Hi 


P3 


li^ 


il 


■3 


eg 


-iJ 


-a 


O) 


1 ji 

CO«i-( 


ii 


4i 


■<1 


0) 

c 


^7 

sC 1 




be 
.'■IS 


eg 



G 


7 


G 

pa 


G 

p:i 

g' 

3 


5 

G k 




IT 

02 P^ 


gS 
5 P 


I 

G 




— ^ 




^ 




















— H 




cS 




CS 




"eg 




"eg 




"eg 




"eg 




eg 


H (^ 


-4J 




•4J 




-4-i 




■4J 




•+J 




-(J 


^ 


4J 


G . 


-:?, 


G 


(S 


C ;^ 


— 1 


G 




G ;. 


^H 


G 


eg 


fi 1. 


MM 


II 










J2 
I2 


i 


blD$ 


1^ 


eg CO 


§• 


pa 


i-i 


^ 


t^i3 


2 si: 




bi'^ 


5 ^ 


c •:; 


S'^ 




? ^^ 


1^73 




O OS 


<s 3; 


S 


00 


eg 


eg eg 


eg 





eg 


S S : eg 


00 


eg 




Wr^ipMCq 


xeq 


h^W 


W^ 


PhW 


WW 


HqffiiW^qip^miWpq 


h^W 


ffi^ 




(E 






^_ 




^^ 








^_^ 




— 1 




9w 


« 


rt 




eg 




eg 




eg 




eg 




eg 




s 


-M 






;-i 


+j 




-u 




-M 






;_, 


'^ p 


o 


s 


1 — 1 


G :_, 


eg 


G 


— 1 


G :_, 




3 


-^ 


3 


eg 




w 


.1 


"5 CO 


11 




1 


"eg CO 


II 


tC^ 


1 


"^ CO 


II 


PQ 


o 


'C tJ 


TO c^ 


i:!"^ 


i! ^ 


rj ^[; 


S'^ 


- ^ 


'-' |l-l 


£ ?-. 


^^-C 


'C 


eg 


S c3 


eg 





c3 


n^ eg 


eg 


c 


eg 


eg eg 


5 eg 







*^ 


Km 


DhW ffih^ 


K^W 


WPQ'^PQ 


ffiH:i'H:iffiiKpq 


P^pq 


Wh^ 


ijs: 




.-1 


eo 


tH 


« 


01 


©I 


09 


<M 


i*< 


CO 


eo 


eo 


fH 


i§ 




cc 




cc 






CD 




CO 




CO 








<v 




fl) 






1; 




c? 




0) 






Si 


CO 

1 


.2 


-2 

SI 




CO 


1^ 

la 


•i 


as 
1^ 


(E J-i 


CO 

i 


•3 

1^ 


1= 


1^ 

55 






















1 








ft 























































( 


































_^ 












o3 










/ 






"cS 












P^ 
















m 












4^ 


r2 




























S 










o 




^ 

§ 

























H 




W 














c 










<i 












;h 







X 










H 




-M 








S 




s2 


1 










M 




^ 















1 










U 




.^ 






05 




W 


rt 










rt 




'S 


^ 




O 










A 




■— ' 




-u 


be 


1 


(S 


i 




=5^ 


be 


5^ 


t 


li 


1 


"^ 


be 
u 
1 




03 






0) 




3 


CO 


S 


pq 


03 
C 






1 


•5 


^ 




fl-S 


1 


s 


P. 


riSj 


-s 


■s 






CO 


J_ 


0^ 


& 


1=1 


=3 eS 


•0 







1 




§ 


^ 


(§ 




09 






-* 


CO 




04 




Od 


•0 


4J 






M 
















'g 




il 


7 a 




Mo 
03 J 


1 




13 


o 


CO 




-(J 

2 


1 . 



X 
H 


..s 


II 




- 1 

5 CO 


< 




-(J 

CO 

-^ 




"3 


2 


O 


02 Ph 






02 <M 


i2 






^^^^ 




-H 




^ 


33 


^ 




— H 




1^^^ 




^H 






u 


J§ 




$ 


S 

^ 


S 


;!< 


$> 




3 


03 






II 


1^ 2 






ll 


^ 

^ U 




^ 

S * 


C3 


fi 

o 






O d 


<=> s 


O (33 


s s 


O Jg 


73 


^ 





ai 


nJ ce 


03 


'O 


03 




tnos 


H^lffl 


PhW 


WW 


CC 


ffih:i 


^W 


E^q 


A^M 


aw 


c» 


ffil-q 






— 1 




^_, 




_l 


(E 


_ 




^^ 




— 




9h 




c3 




cS 




o3 


c3 




(rf 




c« 








;-! 


^ 




-M 


>2 


+2 




+j 


j_i 


,fci 






— 1 


!^ 1- 


c3 


G 


1 — 1 


S L. 





a 


— 1 


Jm 


c3 


G 


. — 1 


o 


Sl 


w 


1 


0) 


Si 


W 


s 


O) 


11 

oi 


m 


.2 


O 


13 cc 


5 Ctf 


^ ^ 
o o 


5^ U 


13 90 
S =3 


■§l 


1 


ce 


13 CO 

j3 cs 


oj 


C6 


13 CO 




PnPq 


WkI 


h^ 


ffl;q 


PhM 


32^1 


i^ 


MM 


P^pq 


ffih:i 


h^lW 


Kpq rtm| 




to 


« 


«o 


« 


^ 


'^ 


ot 


CO 


^ 


t- 


>o 


00 


>o 


is 


tli 




CO 




CC 






on. 




co 




CO 




"o 


^3 


.1 


-^ , 


1 


CO 

■0 


is 

M 


'0 


-0 ^ 


'3 


CO 


1 


-^ rr. 


Sg 




a 


So 








Is 




(U J-i 


1 


03 f-i 

































: ft 
i W 



















43 
























CO 
























CS 
























2 
























^ 








o 








_I 






















1 








p 

g 








M 








73 








1 








Ph 








fl 








1 
















3 
















« 








o 








cS 


















i 




73 


^ 




^ 




"^ 


bf 


"^ 


P.6 


•3 


PQ 


c3 


a 


'^ 


t>D 


rt 




c; 


S 


W 


£| 


W 




m 


3 


PQ 


c3 

.(-3 


pq 




4J 


ft 


43 


4^ 


43 


43 


ft 


43 




0) 


® 




® 


"o 


0. 




o 


0. 




CO 


1 


cc 


.3 

C 3 


CC 


'S 


M 


ft 


-^ 




•^ 




d 


^ 


d 


13 O 


03 


0) 


cS 


o 


oi 


V 


cS 




M 


eo 


OQ 


P^ft 


w 


§ 


p^ 


W 


pq 


e^ 


m 




(N 


. o 








C4 


Td 






-^ 


<M 


i 


1 . 


cCO 


Is 




+3 

1 2 




43-^ 




cc 

-73 fcr 


• 

CO 

1 


1 


h3 


1 -J 


•as 


PQ 


'H 


ccPm 


■4J 


ia 


<D 


P 


1 

CO 


"? '^ 




a: 


:2 


-o 1 


«t-l 


V ° 


Jh 


cc ;h 


J 


73 


1^ 












■a 1 

CS 43 

32 CN 


o 

w 

73 


^=2 

si 


w 

43 

c3 


pq^ 










i-H 








— < 




.—1 




II 








s 


;-i 


^ 




^ 


£ 


^ 






O 03 






g 
1^ 




II 


Is 


O 03 




11 


"o; 

ice 




5»tn 


X^ 


PMpq 


ffiw 


h^a 


WkI 


pL.pq 


WW 


Jc 


KHq 


PmPP 




■ — 1 


1 


_ 








— 1 




— 1 


03 


^^ 


flw 


^ 


ii 




i^ 


^ 


^ 




J 


2 


^ 


^ ft 


^ L. 


o 


a 


— 1 


i=5 •-, 


ce 


a 


—1 


c .^ 


o 


C3 




o1 


W 


g 


o 


§1 


w 


s 




II 


W 




1 


■§SS 


"^ 2 

s s 


o1 


o o 


■gj^ 


St 03 


o'i 


0. 


?^ 




ffih:; 


S 


ffiw 


P^M 


Wf3 


^rt 


Wpq 


P^cq 


ffll-q 


c2 


WM 




w 


t- 


"^ 


00 


^ 


o 


« 


CO 


00 


lO 


a> 


ig 




rn 




cc 




cc 






CO 




IX) 




a 




<u 




® 






o; 




o:/ 










cc 




cc 






S 




.S£ 


1^ 
5q 


0.2 
® CD 


1 


0.1 


S_cc 

ftm 


0.2 

a: 0. 


r2 

1 


1^ 

53 


II 




sS 


1 






















1 

















cj 






M 






-u 






a; 






^ 












c3 






M 




(D 


<v 


oi 


'^ 






03 


1 


3 


P 


T3 


O 


<t-i 


fl 


fl 


o. 


I5i 


cS 


a 


M 




^ 


& 


5 



m 



w 



w 















^ 




03 






^ 
^ 


^* 






r"^ 


2 


br 


■c 


bD 


g 




.;^ 


«4-l 


(rf 


fl 


a 


X 


C 


c3 


n 


s 


O 


P^ 


M 


1-1 



^ 



cq 



^ 






a 


















OD 






t^ 






o 






> 












(1) 


. 




o 


c 




a 


•—) 




03 


^ 










Cfi 






P 
1 






k 


X 




a 


'^ 




^ 


t^ 




1-3 


p-< 




=^ 


1 


J3 




^3 


M 




c3 


1 


o 


^ 


3 

pq 


00 


OI 


^ 


rn 




02 


0) 




0) 


1-0 




cc 








a 




o 


;-( 




;h 


0) 




CD 


M 


^ 


M 


W 


^ 


W 


o 


P 


® 


P 


3 


S 


^ 


P 


Ph 






P4 



a 



H 
















































5tH 








1 




'i 




3 




+3 






-1-3 




OJ 




^ 




+3 




4sl 




§ 




^^ 








cS 




f^ 




w 




^ 




M 




o 








m 




8 




1 , 




i 




<x> 




cS 








Jh 


<v 


OP 


<D 


^ 


be 


be 


o 


CD 

1 
§ 


1 


1 


be 
g 




l| 


1 


1 



H 



pR 



t:! 




























Xi 


a 








































cS 


to 












a 


4J 












aj 














c! 


^ 


























9, 


ci) 












1 














+i 














1 




X2 

be 


c3 








1 




1 


1 




































be 




y 






S 


be 


1 


o 


o 


o 




■r) 




be 


be 


M 




be 


1 


n 




a 




-r* 


r. 


3 


m 


:n 


xn 


h-l 


;5 


cc 


w 



CJJ 


c» 


o 


f-l 


_i 


00 


fW 


OJ 


r-t 


rH 


ei 






l-« 


C4 


»-t 


rfi 




cc 




* 




!/3 




O) 




45 




O) 




O) 




f« 








r« 




r/5 




















O 




« 




O 




'^ 




Oi 




0) 


o 


(T) 




0) 


o 


t^ 




M 


W 


M 




M 


W 


H 


03 


H 


X! 


w 


cc. 


H 


^ 


<D 


c 


<x> 


^ 


® 




03 


M 




^ 


^ 

^ 




^ 




fin 


3 
ft 



















M 

i 


1 

1 

be 
a 

'a 
a 


O 


c 
;-< 

1 


2 


d 
■a 

1 

1 

i 


T5 


1 

^* 
cc 

d 

7 

,3 

a 
o 


ID 

c 

1 

s 

.s 

I— ( 


1 

1 

6 

$ 


8 

u 

1 

1 


IS 

% 

M 

CO 

-(J 

be 

'o 
O 

i 


1 

o 


1 

03 

M 
u 

a 

CO 

§> 

in 


"cc 

O 
C 

is 


6 

2 
1 

1 


O 


1 

0) 

i 

be 

c 

'c 


i 

M 
J?; 


be 

02 


7 

o 

1 

cc 

02 


5 

tie 
M 
=^ 

W 

S 


CO 

CO 


fee 

i 


4J 

1 

CO 

a 
1 

1 
02 


"be 

K 
1 

a 
a 




73 

a 
p. 


.s" 

CO 

«*-( 

1 

2 

1 


o 

(D 

s 
g 

be 
1 

be 
c 

a 

7? 


1 
1 

o 

o 


il 

cc 

5 
1 

a 

a 

a 
-2 

a 
o 
W 


.2 

CO 

i^ 

1 

be 
a 


o 


CO 

1 

1 


be 

1 

o 








OS 

cc 

a- 


CO 


2 

CO 

1 


CO 

cc 

1 

a 


CC 

a; 


I- 

CO 

1 


CC 
% 

2 

I 
^ 1 


s 
ft 


1 

0) 

® 

2 
f^ 1 


00 

CO 


'a 

^H 1 


CO 

1 


CC 

2 
1 


00 

cc 

1 
a 
5l 


CO 

% 

2 

% 


ft 




















1 

















1 


1 

<D 

1 

CO 

a 
s 

o 

o 


lo 


i 


ID 
1 

B 
o 


1 

CO 

z 

bD 

1 
1 


(D 

a 


4^3 

1 

CS4^ 


1=1 

h-l 


a; 

1 

® 

i 

f_ 


XJ 

Q 
1— 1 


1 

8 

03 
;-i 

1 

P. 

CO 

be 

g 


s 

03 


1 

-(-2 

o 
% 

% 

g 

Fm 


1 

1 

< 


ft 

a 

1 

C 


1 

cq 


CO 

1 

1 


1 

be 
C 

a 

02 


a 

CO 

a 

p 

1 

s 

1 
1 

02 


C5 

I 

s 


be 

be 
C 

ft 

02 


1 

1 

o 

3 




1 


be 

1 

o 
pq 


T3 

be 
c 

02 


CO 

o 

M 

1 


1 
1 

O 


CO 


CO 

C 


u 
I— 1 


1 
1 

s 


2 

a 


to 

CO 

% 

"9 
1 


CO 

1 


» 

CO 

% 

"9 

(C 

9 


1 

■ ^ 

a 

in 
P 


CO 

M 


* 

CO 


* 

CO 

1 
<D 


lO 

CO 

1 

a 

3 


1 





























THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. • 45 



CHAPTER III. 

Calisthenic Exercises. 

Referring to the Elementary Schedule (No. i), it will 
be noticed that there are used 25 separate lists of free 
exercises, 15 of wands, 15 of dumb-bells, and 10 of Indian 
clubs. 

Each list, except that for the Indian clubs, contains from 
20 to 30 exercises for the development of the various parts 
of the body, forearm, upper arm, shoulder, neck, leg, 
thigh and waist, with special attention given to corrective 
exercises. 

The use of 25 lists of exercises means that some of the 
best exercises are repeated in a number of the lists, others 
made slightly harder by increase of leverage, some new 
and harder exercises introduced, but mainly an increase in 
combinations of the fundamental exercises. Thus in List 
2, many of the exercises of i are repeated, but with the 
gradual introduction of new exercises and combinations of 
old, tending toward more difficult work both mentally and 
physically, being perhaps no exercise in 5 that was used 
in I, and very few in 10 used in 5, etc. 

The same plan is carried out with wand, dumb-bell and 
Indian club. 

Of course the hygienic value of Indian club swinging 
is almost nothing, but the power and grace developed by 
these, in advancing swings and combinations, make it 
valuable and entitled to a place in physical training. 



46 ' Spalding's athletic library. 

Referring to Schedule No. 2, it will be noticed that the 
grading of calisthenics does not end with the Elementary 
Class, but continues through the advanced work. Free 
exercises, Lists 26 to 50; wands and dumb-bells, 16 to 30; 
Indian clubs, 1 1 to 20. 

Keeping in mind the results desired for each session 
and for the season, the instructor may compile this work 
with little danger of entering upon the spectacular in his 
desire to secure new exercises. It is mainly a matter of 
new combinations of valuable elementary exercises. 

Boys from 12 to 16 years of age may use this same 
schedule. 

For boys under 12, the work should go over the same 
ground, but must start in a simpler way and proceed 
more slowly. Less attention to be paid to heavy body 
building exercises and more to the finer development of 
carriage and co-ordination. 

In the work for business and professional men some 
variety is necessary, but without any attempt at educa- 
tion. So the number of lists may be reduced, though the 
number of exercises in each list should be raised some- 
what. 

It will be seen from Schedule No. 3 that 9 lists of free 
exercises are called for, 5 lists for wands, 5 for dumb- 
bells, and 3 for Indian clubs. The number of exercises in 
each lesson should be increased to from 30 to 40, because 
where 15 minutes' calisthenic exercise is sufficient for 
other classes, these men need from 20 to 25 minutes of 
this waist, upper body and arm work. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 47 



GRADED APPARATUS EXERCISES 



INTRODUCTION 

Realizing the difficulty of mastering the nomenclature, 
only the simplest official terms are used, other movements 
and positions being fully explained. 

Division in exercises made as follows : 

Dash used between parts or counts of an exercise. 

Comma used only during the explanation of a single 
part of an exercise. 

That the exercises may be properly learned, the form 
noticed, and a greater amount of physical work received, 
the simpler exercises of the first and second grades should 
be repeated several times by the pupil before leaving the 
apparatus. This is particularly necessary when using the 
exercises for business men. 

Insist upon perfect form, especially when working upon 
the parallel bars and horse. 

Unless otherwise stated in the exercise, all exercises on 
the horizontal bar begin with side hang, ordinary grasp. 
Parallel bars, cross rest at end, facing in. Horizontal 
and slanting ladder, cross hang on outside of rails. Side 
horse, front rest at saddle. Flying Rings — With the 
exception of exercises 2, 7, 13, 14, 18, Fourth Grade, all 
swings are merely from the waist down and used pre- 
liminiiry to raising knees and legs to rings by a slow pull. 



48 Spalding's athletic library. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Parallel Bars. 

Low Bars (4 feet to 4 feet 6 inches). 

First Grade. 
At end. 

1. Jump to cross rest — down. 

2. Jump to cross rest — raise right knee. Same left. 
Alternate. 

3. Jump to rest — raise both knees. 

4. In rest — lift right hand from bar several times. 
Same left. Alternate. Both at once. 

5. Raise right leg to half lever. Same left. Alternate. 

6. Two steps forward with right hand — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

7. Change right hand to reverse grasp — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

8. Change right hand to reverse grasp — change left to 
reverse — return. 

9. Two jumps forward — return. 

10. Jump to inside seat on right bar in front of right 
hand — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

11. Jump up and spread down to riding seat on right 
bar — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

12. Right hand on left bar — jump with half left turn to 
cross rest at end facing out. Opposite side. 

13. Small swmg. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 49 

14. Swing to inside seat in front of right hand — return. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

15. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest, facing 
out — swing to inside seat on right bar behind right hand — 
return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

16. Swing to riding seat over right bar — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

17. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing- 
out — swing to riding seat over right bar — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

18. Swing to outside seat on right bar — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

19. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to outside seat right — return. Opposite side. 
Alternate. 

20. Swing to outside seat right — quarter right turn to 
back rest on right bar — push off forward. Opposite side. 

21. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to outside seat behind right hand — quarter 
right turn to back rest — push off forward. Opposite side. 

22. In rest — raise right knee forward — straighten right 
leg forward — return. Opposite side. 

23. Swing, spreading legs on backward swing. Same 
at end of forward swing. Alternate. 

24. Spread up over right bar, sliding right hand for- 
ward, to riding seat behind right hand — push off back- 
ward. Opposite side. Alternate. 

25. Spread up over right bar to riding seat, right hand 
behind — swing down and off. Opposite side. Alternate. 

26. From cross rest — raise right leg slowly to riding 
seat over right bar — return. Opposite side. 



50 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

27. Cross rest — swing to riding seat over both bars — 
return. 

2S. Raise right leg slowly to riding seat over right bar 
— raise left leg to riding seat over both bars — swing down 
. off. Opposite side. 

29. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to riding seat over both bars — return. 

30. Right hand on left bar — jump to rest at end facing 
out — two steps backward right — return. Opposite side. 

31. Cross rest at end facing out — jump backward twice 
— return. 

32. On forward swing — forward spread right. Same 
left. 

2)^. On backward swing — forward spread right. Same 
left. 

34. Alternate forward spread right and left on forward 
swing. 

35. Alternate forward spread right and left on back- 
ward swing. 

36. Raise righ't leg forward to half lever — move side- 
ways over left bar — return. Opposite side. 

37. Swing — spread right leg down on left bar — return. 
Opposite side. 

38. Swing to outside seat right — vault off right. Op- 
posite side. 

39. Raise right knee forward — straighten right leg for- 
ward — return. Same left. Alternate. 

40. Swing to outside seat right — quarter left turn to 
front rest on right bar, hands on left bar — push off back- 
ward. Opposite side. 

41. Right hand on left bar — jump to rest facing out — 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 5 1 

swing to outside seat right — quarter left turn to front rest 
— push off backward. Opposite side. 

42. Swing to inside seat on right bar — swing down and 
up to outside seat on right bar — swing down off. Op- 
posite side. Ahernate. 

43. Swing to inside seat on right bar — swing down and 
up to outside seat on left bar — swing down off. Opposite 
side. Alternate. 

44. Swing to inside seat on right bar — jump to inside 
seat on left bar — off. Opposite side. 

45. Swing to inside seat on right bar — legs over to out- 
side seat on right bar — off right. Opposite side. 

46. Swing to inside seat on right bar — jump to outside 
seat on left bar — off left. Opposite side. 

47. Swing to outside seat on right bar — move left leg to 
riding seat over both — swing down off. Opposite side. 

.48. Swing to outside seat right — jump to outside seat 
left — off. Opposite side. 

49. Swing to riding seat on right bar — quarter right 
turn to side riding seat on right bar — half right circle 
with left leg and off with quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

50. Swing to riding seat over right bar — rear vault 
right. Opposite side. 

51. From cross rest — raise legs to half lever. 

52. Swing to inside seat on right bar — rear vault right. 
Opposite side. 

53. Swing to inside seat on right bar — swing down and 
up to riding seat on left bar — rear vault left. Opposite 
side. 

54. Swing to outside seat on right bar — left leg over to 



52 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

riding seat over both bars — rear vault right. Opposite 
side. 

55. Swing to riding seat on right bar — swing down and 
up to outside seat on left bar — off left. Opposite side. 

56. Swing to inside seat on right bar — jump to riding 
seat on left bar — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

57. Swing to outside seat on right bar — jump to riding 
seat on left bar — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

58. Swing — rear vault right. Same left. 

59. Swing to riding seat on right bar — left leg to riding 
seat over both — swing down off. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

60. Swing to riding seat over both bars — jump to riding 
seat on right bar — rear vault right. Opposite side. 

6t. Jump to outside seat right — jump to riding seat 
Dver both bars — swing down off. Opposite side. 

62. Jump to inside seat on right bar — jump to riding 
seat over both bars — swing down off. Opposite side. 

63. Run — rear vault right. Same left. 

64. Run — flank vault out right. Same left. 

65. Run — rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

Parallel Bars. 

Low Bars (4 to 4 feet 6 inches). 
Second Grade. 
Cross rest at end facing in. 

1. Jump to riding seat over both bars — rear vault right. 
Same left. 

2. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing out 
— swing to riding seat on right bar — swing down and up 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 53 

to outside seat right — swing down off. Opposite side. 
Alternate. 

3. Left hand on right bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to inside seat right — swing down and up to 
outside seat right — swing down off. Opposite side. Al- 
ternate. 

4. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing out 
— swing to inside seat right — swing down and up to out- 
side seat left — swing down off. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

5. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to inside seat right — jump to inside seat left- 
down. Opposite side. 

6. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing out 
— swing to inside seat right — swing down and up to riding 
seat on left bar — swing down oft'. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

7. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing out 
—swing — front vault right. Opposite side. 

8. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to riding seat on right bar — jump to riding 
seat on left bar — swing down off. Opposite side. 

9. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to outside seat right — jump to outside seat 
left — swing in and off. Opposite side. 

10. Jump to riding seat over both bars — hands in front 
— swing down and up to riding seat in front of hands — re- 
peat across bars. 

11. Jump to riding seat over both bars — hands in front 
— front vault right. Same left. 

12. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 



54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

out — swing — front vault right, quarter left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

13. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — svvnig to riding seat over both bars — hands behind — 
rear vault right. Opposite side. 

14. From cross rest, walk forward. 

15. From cross rest — lower to dip positior: —off. 

16. Jump to dip position — pushup. 

17. Still dip. 

18. Cross rest — walk forward, taking two steps at a 
time with each hand. 

19. Jump to outside seat right — half left turn to riding 
seat over both bars — front vault right. Opposite side. 

20. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — walk backward two steps at a time with each hand. 

21. Jump to inside seat right — rear vault right. Oppo- 
site side. 

22. Cross rest — jump forward across bars. 

23. Jump to inside seat right — rear vault left. Oppo- 
site side. 

24. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — jump backward across bars. 

25. Riding seat on right bar — rear vault left. Opposite 
side. 

26. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — legs to half lever — off with quarter right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

27. Riding seat over both bars — jump to outside seat 
right — to outside seat left — vault off left. Opposite side. 

28. Jump to outside seat right — rear vault left. Oppo- 
site side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 55 

29. Riding seat on right bar — jump to riding seat on 
left bar — rear vault right. Opposite side. 

30. Swing — spread legs on forward and backward 
swings. 

31. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to riding seat on right bar — front vault off 
right. Opposite side. 

32. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to riding seat on right bar — front vault left. 
Opposite side. 

33. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — raise knees forward — straighten legs forward — off 
forward with half right turn. Opposite side. 

• 34. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to outside seat right — front vault left. Op- 
posite side. 

35. Swing — spread right leg down over left bar — re- 
turn. Opposite side. 

36. Cross rest, one foot from end — swing — spread to 
riding seat behind right hand and swing up to astride 
right arm. Opposite side. 

37. Cross rest, one foot from end — swing — on back- 
ward swing spread left leg down over right bar and con- 
tinue right leg backward and up to astride right arm. Op- 
posite side. 

38. Swing — spread right leg down over left bar — return 
and swing backward to front vault right. Opposite side. 

39. Repeat exercise 36 — return swinging forward to 
rear vault left. Opposite side. 

40. Repeat exercise 37 — return — front vault left with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 



50 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

41. Swing — on backward swing spread left leg down 
over right bar, right leg in front — return. Opposite side. 

42. Swing — alternate stepping forward right and left 
on each forward swing. 

43. Cross rest at end facing out — swing — alternate 
stepping backward right and left on each backward swing. 

44. Elbow swing. 

45. Elbow swing to outside seat right — rear vault left. 
Opposite side. 

46. Elbow swing to riding seat over both bars — rear 
vault right. Same left. 

47. Cross rest — swing — alternate stepping forward 
right and left on each backward swing. 

48. Cross rest at end facing out — swing — alternate 
stepping backward right and left on each forward swing. 

49. Elbow swing to back leaning rest on bars — return. 

50. Elbow rest at end facing out — swing to front lean- 
ing rest — off. 

51. Rise from elbow rest to bent arm rest — return. 

52. Swing — flank vault right. Same left. 

53. Spread up over right bar to outside seat right — 
rear vault left. Opposite side. 

54. Swing — 'rear vault right, quarter left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

55. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — spread forward over right bar to floor. Op- 
posite side. 

56. Run — rear vault right. Same left. 

57. Under bars — cross hang — raise knees forward up 
to bars — slide feet out to leaning hang. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 57 

58. Same as exercise 57 — turn over to back leaning 
hang, toes catching bars. 

59. Run — flank vault right. Same left. 

60. Cross hang under bars — knees forward — turn over 
to floor. 

61. Same as 60, and return. 

62. Run — rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

63. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — spread forward over both bars to floor. 

At side of bars. 

64. Flank vault right over near bar. Same left. 

65. Flank vault right over near bar — flank vault right 
over off bar. Same left over each bar. 

66. Flank vault right over near bar — flank vault left 
over off bar. Opposite side. 

(yj. Flank vault right over near bar — jump up to seat on 
near bar — down — flank vault right over off bar. Oppo- 
site side. 

68. Flank vault right over near bar — jump up with half 
right circle of right leg to side seat on near bar — half left 
circle left leg to front rest — off backward. Opposite side. 

69. Grasp^ near bar reverse right, off bar common 
grasp left — front vault swing left to riding seat on both 
bars — front vault left. Opposite side. 

70. Cross hang under bars — knees forward — turn over 
to above bars, with aid of heels, to riding seat — front 
vault right. 

71. Cross hand under bars — knees forward — turn to 
back hang, head down — return. 

72. Cross rest at end — two still dips. 



58 Spalding's athletic library. 

Parallel Bars. 

High Bars (about 5 feet). 

Third Grade. 

Exercises at centre of bars. 

1. Jump to upper arm rest — down. 

2. Upper arm rest — raise knees forward — return. 

3. Upper arm rest — raise legs to half lever — return. 

4. Upper arm rest — swing — down at end of backward 
swing. 

5. Swing in upper arm rest — spread legs above bars 
forward — swing down. 

6. Same, spreading legs above bars backward. 

7. Swing in upper arm rest — swing feet up forward on 
bars to back leaning rest — off. 

8. Same, swinging up backward to front leaning rest. 
Exercises at end. 

9. Jump to cross rest — swing — rear vault right with 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

10. Cross rest — raise legs to half lever. 

11. Cross rest — raise legs to half lever — spread legs- 
return. 

12. Jump up to riding seat on right bar — place right 
hand in front — swing up backward — forward — to riding 
seat on right bar again — hands in front — repeat across 
bars. Opposite side. 

13. Jump to outside seat on right bar — jump to outside 
seat left — rear vault right, half left turn. Opposite side. 

14. Raise legs to half lever — spread to riding seat over 
bars — hands in front — 'raise legs backward and down be- 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 59 

tween bars up to half lever — spread and repeat slowly 

across bars. 

' 15. Travel forward, spreading to riding seat on right 

bar — hands in front — swing to riding seat on left bar — 

continue. 

16. Jump to riding seat on right bar — rear vault right, 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

17. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest at end 
facing out — travel backward, spreading to riding seat on 
right bar — hands behind — swing down and repeat. Op- 
posite side. 

18. Run — rear vault right. Same left. 

19. Cross rest — lift right hand and touch chest. Same 
left. Alternate. Both at once. 

20. Run — flank vault right. Same left. 

21. Swing to outside seat on right bar — hands in front 
— swing back, down and up to outside seat right, and con- 
tinue across bars. Opposite side. 

22. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — front vault right. Opposite side. 

23. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to riding seat on right bar — hands behind and 
repeat left — continue across bars. 

24. Swing to outside seat on right bar — swing down 
and up to outside seat on left bar — continue across bars. 

25. Run — rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

26. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to outside seat on right bar — hands behind 
and repeat, traveling across bars. Opposite side. 

27. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 



6o Spalding's athletic library. 

out — swing — front vault right, quarter left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

28. Jump up and spread backward over right bar to 
floor. Same left. Alternate. 

29. Vault out right to outside seat on right bar, hands 
behind — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

30. Vault out right to outside seat on right bar — quar- 
ter left turn to front rest, hands on opposite bar — circle 
right leg in left circle over near bar to front rest — off 
backward. Opposite side. 

31. Spread up over right bar to riding seat over both — 
roll backward to floor. Opposite side. 

32. Vault out to outside seat right — quarter left turn to 
front rest — circle left leg in right circle over near bar — off 
backward. Opposite side. 

33. Run — rear vault right. Same left. 

34. Spread up over right bar and down between bars to 
floor. Same left. Alternate. 

35. Run — flank vault right. Same left. 

36. Vault out right to outside seat — quarter left turn to 
front rest — alternate circling right and left leg in full cir- 
cle left and right over near bar — push off backward, with 
quarter turn. Opposite side. 

37. Run — rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

38. Spread up over both bars to riding seat, hands in 
front — push off backward. 

39. Spread up over both bars to riding seat, hands be- 
hind — roll backward to floor. 

40. Run — rear vault right, half left turn. Opposite 
side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 6l 

41. Vault out right to outside seat — quarter left turn to 
front rest — circle right leg in right circle over near bar — 
ofif backward. Opposite side. 

42. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — front vault right, quarter left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

43. Alternate jumping- up and spreading backward over 
right and left bar to floor. 

44. Jump up and spread backward over both bars to 
floor. 

45. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing— front vault right, half left turn. Opposite 
side. 

46. Vault out right to outside seat — turn to front rest — 
alternate circling right and left leg in right and left circle 
over near bar. Opposite side. 

47. Knees forward — walk forward. 

48. Cross rest — jump forward across bars. 

49. Spread up over right bar to riding seat over left — 
rear vault right. Opposite side. 

50. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — knees forward — walk backward. 

51. Cross rest — jump backward across bars. 

52. Vault out right with quarter left turn to front rest 
on outside of right bar — alternate circling right and left 
leg right and left circles over near bar. Opposite side. 

53. Spread up over right bar to riding seat over left — 
rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

54. Swing — walk forward, alternate stepping with right 
and left hand on each forward swing. 

55. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 



62 Spalding's athletic library. 

out — alternate stepping backward right and left on each 
backward swing. 

56. Swing — jump forward on each forward swing. 

57. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — jump backward on each backward swing. 

58. Right leg to half lever — walk forward. Same left 
leg forward. 

59. Spread up over right bar to outside seat left — rear 
vault right. Opposite side. 

60. Swing — alternate stepping forward right and left 
on each backward swing. 

61. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — alternate stepping backward right and left 
on each forward swing. 

62. Two still dips. 

63. Face out — grasp bars and turn over to riding seat 
over both bars — spread forward to floor. 

64. Jump to cross rest at end facing out — right leg for- 
ward — walk backward. Same left leg forward. 

65. Spread up over right bar to outside seat left — rear 
vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

66. Jump to riding seat on right bar — hands in front — - 
jump to same position left — down. Opposite side. 

d'j. Vault out to outside seat right — hands in front — 
front vault swing to same position left — down. Opposite 
side. 

68. Spread up over right bar to riding seat on left — rear 
vault right, half left turn. Opposite side. 

69. Walk forward, right hand reverse. Same left. 

70. Jump forward to centre — swing — rear vault right, 
half left turn. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 63 

71. Spread up over right bar to outside seat left — rear 
vault right, half left turn. Opposite side. 

'J2. Cross rest — change right hand and come to front 
rest on left bar — left hand backward to cross rest facing 
out — return. Opposite side. 

'j'}^. Swing — step forward right on forward swing and 
backward on backward swing — repeat. Same left. Both 
at once. 

74. Jump up to outside seat right — hands in front — 
front vault left. Opposite side. 

75. Jump to cross rest at end facing out — jump back- 
ward with each backward swing. 

Parallel Bars. 
(Bars about 5 feet.) 
Fourth Grade. 
At end, facing in. 

1. Vault out left to outside seat on left bar — rear vault 
right over both bars to floor. Opposite side. 

2. Swing — jump forward on each backward swing. 

3. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest at end 
facing out — jump backward on each forward swing. 

4. Vault out left and up to riding seat over both bars — 
rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

5. Jump up to outside seat on right bar — quarter right 
turn to back rest — fall backward and turn over to mat. 

6. Walk forward, bent arm. 

7. Vault out ovef left bar and down between bars to 
floor. Opposite side. Alternate. 

8. Swing bent arm — alternate stepping forward right 
and left on forward swings. 

9. Left hand on right bar — jump to cross rest facing out 



64 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

— swing bent arm — alternate stepping backwara right and 
left on backward swings. 

10. Jump, spreading up over right bar with rear vault 
left to floor. Opposite side. 

11. Swing — jump forward on each forward swing and 
backward on each backward swing. 

12. Swing — jump forward on both forward and back- 
ward swings. 

13. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing — jump backward on each forward and back- 
ward swing. 

14. Three still dips. 

15. Jump, spreading up over right bar with rear vault 
left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

16. Bent arm swing — alternate stepping forward right 
and left on each backward swing. 

17. Run — jump to still cross rest at centre of bars — 
down backward to floor between bars. 

18. Run — jump to cross rest at centre and rear vault 
right. Same left. 

19. Spread up over right bar to rear vault over left, half 
left turn. Opposite side. 

20. Bent arm swing — jump forward on forward 
swings. 

21. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — bent arm swing — jump backward on backward 
swings. 

22. Run — jump to cross rest at centre — flank vault 
right. Same left. 

23. Swing — dip several times on forward swings. 

24. Dip on backward swings. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 65 

25. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward and 
backward with front vault right. Opposite side. 

26. Jump to cross rest at centre and forward scissors 
right — front vault right. Opposite side. 

2J, Jump to cross rest at centre and rear vault right, 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

28. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward and 
backward with backward scissors right — rear vault right. 
Opposite side. 

29. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward and 
backward with front vault right, quarter left turn. 

30. At end — bent arm hang — turn over to back hang — 
feet to floor — upstart to riding seat over both bars — rear 
vault right. 

31. At end — bent arm hang — turn over to back hang — 
feet to floor — upstart to riding seat over both bars — roll 
backward to floor. 

32. Jump to cross rest at centre — rear vault right, half 
left turn. Opposite side. 

33. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward to rid- 
ing seat ove-r both bars — quarter left turn to side riding 
seat — right leg half left circle and off with quarter right 
turn. Opposite side. 

34. Swinging forward dip with rear vault right. Same 
left. 

35. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward to 
riding seat over both bars — quarter left turn to side riding 
seat — left leg half left circle to front rest — off backward. 
Opposite side. 

36. Same as 35 to front rest — then flank vault right 
over both bars.. Opposite side. 



66 SPALDINC/S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

2,7 . Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward to rid- 
ing seat over both bars — quarter left turn to side riding 
seat — right leg half left circle with half left turn to front 
rest on left bar — lower, raising knees forward and between 
hands to back hang — off. Opposite side. 

38. Jump to cross rest at centre and rear vault right, 
half right turn. Opposite side. 

39. Jump up — spread right leg backward over left bar 
to floor. Opposite side. Alternate. 

40. Jump up and circle both legs backward outside right 
bar to floor. Opposite side. Alternate. 

41. Jump up between bars with quarter left turn to 
front rest on outside of right bar — flank vault right over 
bars. Opposite side. 

42. Raise legs to half lever — quarter right turn to same 
position, both hands on right bar — off forward. Opposite 
side. 

43. Jump to cross rest at centre — circle right leg for- 
ward over right bar — swing backward to front vault right. 
Opposite side. Alternate the circles and off with front 
vault. 

44. Jump to cross rest at centre — circle right leg back- 
ward over right bar — swing forward to rear vault right. 
Opposite side. Alternate the circles and oif with rear 
vault. 

45. Jump to cross rest at centre — circle right leg back- 
ward over left bar, vaulting out left to floor. Opposite 
side. 

46. Jump up between bars with quarter left turn to 
front rest on outside of right bar — rear vault right over 
bars. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 67 

47. Swing and jump forward with forward dip on each 
forward swing. 

48. Swing and backward dip with each jump forward. 

49. Jump to cross rest at centre — swing forward to rid- 
ing seat over both bars — hands in front — scissors back- 
ward right — hands in front — front vault right. Opposite 
side. 

50. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 
to riding seat — hands behind — forward scissors right — 
hands behind — rear vault right. Opposite side. 

51. Cross rest at centre — swing forward to outside seat 
on right bar — return swinging backward to front vault 
left, quarter turn. Opposite side. 

52. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 
to outside seat behind right hand — return and swing for- 
ward to rear vault right, three-quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

53. Cross rest at centre — swing forward to outside seat 
on right bar — swing backward to outside seat behind left 
hand — front vault right, half right turn. Opposite side. 

54. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 
to outside seat behind right hand — swing forward to out- 
side seat on left bar — rear vault right, three-quarter left 
turn. Opposite side. 

55. Swing with trunk and legs straight and in one line. 

56. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 
to front rest on bars — bend and straighten arms several 
times — front vault right — half left turn. 

57. Cross rest at centre — swing forward to back leaning 
rest — swing down to front rest — r-epeat. 

58. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 



68 Spalding's athletic library. 

to front rest — alternate, raising right and left arm. Same 
from back rest. 

59. From front rest, alternate raising right and left leg. 
Same from back rest. 

60. At end facing out — turn over end of bars to riding 
seat over both bars — spread off forward. 

61. Cross rest at centre — swing forward and backward 
to front rest — alternate raising right and left arm and 
right and left leg. Same from back rest. 

62. Cross rest at end — roll forward to riding seat — rear 
vault right. 

63. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to squat right foot on right bar — swing for- 
ward and backward and same left — swing forward off. 

64. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to squat right foot on left bar, left leg outside 
— off left. Opposite side. 

65. Two rolls forward from riding seat. 

66. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to squat right foot on right bar — jump over to 
squat left foot on left bar — off. 

67. Right hand on left bar — jump to cross rest facing 
out — swing to squat right foot on left bar, left outside — ■ 
jump to opposite position — off right. Opposite side. 

68. Three rolls forward from riding seat. 

69. Jump to cross rest at centre — roll backward to rid- 
ing seat — front vault right. 

At side of bars. 

70. Flank vault right over near bar. Same left. 

71. Flank vault right over near bar— flank vault right 
over off bar. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCIvSES. 69 

*J2. Cross rest at end facing out — hand spring. 

73. At side of bars — flank vault right over near bar — 
flank vault left over ofif bar. Opposite side. 

74. Cross rest at end — three rolls forward and hand- 
spring over end. 

Parallel Bars. 
Fifth Grade. 

It is comparatively an easy matter for the instructor to 
supply himself with material for advanced gymnastic 
work, so the advice for the development of the fifth or 
advanced grade will be limited to a few suggestions. 

Such exercises as jumping forward from forward 
swinging dip — jumping backward from forward swinging 
dip — jumping forward from backward swinging dip — 
jumping backward from backward swinging dip may be 
combined with the various front, rear and flank vaults. 
These dips may also be done with straightening of the 
arms after each jump, also as the arms are straightened, 
moving knees forward or legs to half lever in rest. 

Spreading over bars at the end may be combined as 
spreading up over right bar, return spreading backward 
over left and reverse. 

From cross stand at end the ''pull up" to cross rest, or 
the spread up over both bars to cross rest, may be followed 
by rolls, drop upstarts, shoulder stands, etc. 

All the upstarts and drop upstarts at end and centre 
would come in this grade. 

Rolls forward and backward may be combined with 
shoulder stands, upstarts from drop back, etc. 



70 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



CHAPTER V. 

Horizontal Bar. 

First Grade. 

1. Jump to side hang — down. 

2. Hang — raise right knee forward. Same left. Al- 
ternate. 

3. Revei'se grasp hang — down. 

4. Hang — raise both knees forward. 

5. Reverse grasp — pull up to chin. 

6. Jump to hang, right hand reverse, left common grasp 
— down. Opposite side. Alternate. 

7. Hang — pull up to chin. 

8. Hang — raise right leg forward. Same left. 

9. Hang — step sideways with right hand — return — 
same left. 

10. Pull up to chin — ijepeat exercise 9. 

11. Jump to hang, twisted grasp left. Opposite side. 

12. Hang — jump hands apart — return. 

13. Right reverse — pull up to chin. Same left reverse. 

14. Hang — release right hand and lower to side — re- 
grasp bar — down. Same left. Alternate. 

15. Jump to hang with forward straddle right — return. 
Opposite side. 

16. In cross position — jump to cross hang, right hand 
forward with forward straddle right. Opposite side. 

17. Jump up with quarter right turn to cross hang, 
right hand forward. Same left hand forward, 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 7I 

18. Jump up with quarter left turn to cross hang, left 
hand forward. Same right hand forward. 

19. Alternate changing right and left hand to reverse 
grasp and return. 

20. Release left hand and place on hip— return. Oppo- 
site side. 

21. Cross hang, right hand forward— jump to left hand 
forward — return. 

22. Hang— two steps sideways right and return. Same 
left. 

21. Cross hang, right hand forward— chin, head to 
right of bar. Opposite side. 

24. Hang— raise knees forward — toes to bar. 

25. Release right hand and grasp left wrist— return. 
Opposite side. 

26. Jump to cross hang, right hand forward with side 
straddle. Same, left hand forward. 

^ 27. Knees forward— release right hand and lower to 
side — return. Same left. 

28. Chin — jump hands apart — return. 

29. Reverse grasp— release left hand and with half left 
turn regrasp bar. Opposite side. 

30. Right knee forward— release right hand and lower 
to side— return. Opposite side. 

31. Hang— step sideways right— then left— again right 
— left — down. 

Z2. Two steps sideways right— then left— jump hands 
back. 

33- Raise knees forward— straighten right leg forward 
— return. Same left. 

34. Cross hang, right hand forward— right knee for- 



72 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIRBARY. 

ward — release right hand and lower to side — return. Op- 
posite side. 

35. Jump hands apart — return. 

36. Reverse grasp hang — chin twice. 

37. Raise right leg forward — right down and left up at 
same time — return. 

38. Walk right to left on bar. Opposite direction. 

39. Walk right to left on bar and return. 

40. Cross hang, right hand forward — chin, head to left 
of bar. Opposite side. 

41. Raise legs to half lever. 

42. Hang, reverse grasp right, twisted left. Opposite 
side. Alternate. 

43. Hang in twisted grasp. 

44. Chin twice. 

45. Reverse grasp — chin — raise right knee forward. 
vSame left. Alternate. 

46. Twisted grasp left — release left hand and place on 
hip — return. Opposite side. 

47. Reverse grasp — chin — raise knees forward. 

48. Release right hand and hold at side horizontal — 
return. Same left. 

49. Jump to cross arm hang, right over left — down. 
Opposite side. 

50. Jump to cross arm hang, right over left — ofif with 
half turn. Opposite side. Alternate. 

51. Release right hand and hold at front horizontal — 
return. Same left. 

52. Chin— raise right knee forward. Same left. Al- 
ternate. 

53. Raise knees forward — straighten right leg forward. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 73 

placing left foot on right knee. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

54. Chin — raise knees forward. 

55. Reverse grasp — change right hand to twisted grasp 
— return. Same left. Alternate. 

56. Reverse grasp — chin three times. 

57. Left hand reverse — walk right to left on bar. Op- 
posite side. 

58. Cross arm hang, right over left — half turn — chin. 
Opposite side. 

59. Reverse grasp — chin— raise right leg forward. 
Same left. Alternate. 

60. Place left foot on right knee — raise right leg to half 
lever. Opposite side. 

61. Right hand reverse — walk right to left on bar. Op- 
posite side. 

62. Right reverse — release left hand and grasp right 
wrist — chin. Opposite side. 

63. Reverse grasp — chin — raise legs to half lever. 

64. Raise knees forward — release right hand and lower 
to side — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

65. Knees forward — release right hand and place on 
hip — return. Same left. 

66. Chin three times. 

67. Reverse grasp — walk right to left on bar. Oppo- 
site direction. 

68. Place left foot on right knee — raise right leg up- 
ward as far as possible. Opposite side. 

69. Chin — alternate raising right and left leg forward. 

70. Chin — raise both legs to half lever. 



74 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

71. Knees forward — release left hand and grasp right 
wrist — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

Horizontal Bar. 
Second Grade. 

1. Side hang — raise legs to half lever — return. 

2. Hang — raise legs to half lever — place left foot on 
right knee — return. Opposite side. 

3. Reverse grasp — chin — raise knees forward — 
straighten right leg forward — return. Same left. Alter- 
nate. ^ 

4. Raise knees forward — toes upward to bar — return. 

5. Hang, left hand reverse — knees forward — ^release 
right hand and grasp left wrist — chin. Opposite side. 

6. Walk from right to left on bar, left hand twisted 
grasp. Opposite side. 

7. Reverse grasp hang — chin four times. 

8. Reverse grasp hang — chin — raise knees forward — 
straighten legs forward. 

9. Twisted grasp hang — raise knees forward. 

10. Knees forward — walk right to left on bar. Oppo- 
site direction. 

11. Raise legs to half lever— spread — return. 

12. Reverse grasp — chin — step sideways right — return 
and same left. 

13. Reverse grasp — chin — jump hands apart — return 

14. Raise knees forward — place feet under bar — return. 

15. Hang — chin four times. 

16. Chin — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward — return. Same left. Alternate. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 75 

17. Cross arm hang, right over left — off with half right 
turn. Opposite side. 

18. Cross arm hang, right over left— half turn— chin. 
Opposite side. 

19. Right hand twisted grasp — walk right to left on 
bar. Opposite side. 

20. Raise knees forward — straighten legs forward — re- 
turn. 

21. Jump to hang, left hand reverse, raising left heel 
backward. Opposite side. 

22. Left twisted — knees forward — walk right to left on 
bar. Opposite side. 

2^. Chin — knees forward — straighten legs forward — 
return. 

24. Raise legs to half lever — spread twice. 

25. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang — 
drop. 

2.(i. Hang— alternate raising right and left hand above 
bar. 

2y. Hang — clasp hands — catch — drop. 

28. Right hand twisted — knees forward — walk right to 
left on bar. Opposite side. 

29. Reverse grasp — chin — raise legs to half lever. 

30. Cross hang, right hand forward, twisted grasp. 
Same left forward. 

31. Jump to common grasp — down — ^to reverse grasp 
— down. 

Z2. Jump to twisted grasp — down — to right reverse- 
down — left reverse — down. 

33. Reverse grasp — chin five times. 

34. Chin — raise legs to half lever. 



^(^ Spalding's athletic library. 

35. Jump to cross hang, common grasp — down — to 
right twisted — down — left twisted — down — both twisted 
— down. 

'^'S. Cross arm hang, right over left — off with full turn. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

37. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang — 
return. 

38. Bent arm hang — walk right to left on bar. Oppo- 
site side. 

39. Reverse grasp — chin — raise legs to half lever — 
spread — return. 

40. Bent arm hang — walk right to left, taking two steps 
at a time with each hand. Opposite direction. 

41. Jump to left reverse raising left knee forward. Op- 
posite side. 

42. Jump to cross hang, right twisted, raising right 
heel backward. Opposite side. 

43. Bent arm hang, left reverse — walk right to left. 
Opposite side. 

44. Chin five times. 

45. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang, 
head down — return. 

46. Bent arm hang — knees forward — walk right to left 
on bar. Opposite side. 

47. Reverse grasp — chin — legs to half lever — spread — 
return. 

48. Jump to cross hang, left twisted, raising left knee 
forward. Opposite side. 

49. Walk forward in cross hang. 

50. Hang — twist hips right and left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. "JJ 

51. Side hang — quarter left turn, releasing right hand, 
to cross hang — chin. Opposite side. 

52. Side hang — half left turn, releasing right hand — 
chin. Opposite side. 

53. Bent arm hang, right reverse — walk right to left on 
bar. Opposite side. 

54. Chin — jump to elbow hang — down. 

55. Chin — legs to half lever — spread — return. 

56. Chin — to right upper arm hang — 'return. Same 
left. 

57. Chin — jump to both upper arm hang — return. 

58. Left twisted — swing sideways, walking right to left 
on bar. Opposite side. 

59. Raise knees forward and toes to bar. 

60. Knees forward — toes to bar — straighten right leg 
upward — return. Same left. Both at once. 

61. Knees forward — toes to bar — bend and straighten 
arms. 

62. Right twisted — bend arms as far as possible — walk 
right to left. Opposite side. 

63. Knees forward — toes to bar — straighten legs — bend 
and straighten arms — return. 

64. Cross hang — swing feet up to leaning hang, right 
over left. Same, left over right. 

65. Bent arm, left reverse — knees forward — walk right 
to left. Opposite side. 

66. Cross hang — knees forward — feet between hands to 
back leaning hang, right over left. Same, left over right. 

67. Cross hang — swing up to cross leaning hang on 
right knee, both hands. Same left. Alternate, jumping 
from right to left. 



78 Spalding's athletic library. 

68. Bent arms, right reverse — knees forward — walk 
right to left. Opposite side. 

69. Cross hang — swing up to cross leaning hang, right 
elbow and right knee. Opposite side. 

70. Cross hang — swing up to cross leaning hang on 
right elbow and left knee. Opposite side. 

71. Raise legs to half lever — place left foot on right 
knee — return. Opposite side. 

'J2. Knees forward — raise left leg to knee hang outside 
of hands left. Same right. 

']^. Reverse grasp — knees forward — chin. 

74. Partial bent arm hang, left twisted — knees forward 
— walk right to left. Opposite side. 

75. Knee hang, left knee between hands. Same right. 

76. Cross leaning hang, right knee, right hand — jump 
to left knee, left hand. Opposite side. 

'jy. Partial bent arm hang, right twisted — knees for- 
ward — walk right to left on bar. Opposite side. 

78. Right reverse, left common — half left turn to hang 
— continue across bar. Opposite side. 

79. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang — 
return. 

Horizontal Bar. 
Third Grade. 

1. Hang, reverse grasp — raise knees forward — legs to 
half lever — return. 

2. Swing forward and backward, three times, and ofif 
at end of backward swing. 

3. Hang — raise knees forward — toes to bar — pass right 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 79 

leg between hands to legs straight, spreading bar. Same 
left. 

4. Swing and off backward with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

5. Hang — raise knees forward — toes to bar — place feet 
on bar — return. 

6. Hang — swing body sideways.. 

7. Hang — knees forward — toes to bar— straighten legs 
— return. 

8. Swing and off backward with half right turn. Same 
left. 

9. Hang — knees forward — release right hand and lower 
to side — regrasp. Same left. Alternate. 

10. Swing — raise right hand above bar on backward 
swing — recatch — swing forward — backward— off. Same 
left. Alternate. 

11. Hang — knees forward — feet between hands on bar 
— swing. 

12. Knees forward — raise right leg to knee hang out- 
side of hands right — return. Same left. 

13. Reverse grasp — swing — on backward swing change 
right hand to common grasp — swing forward — backward 
— oft". Opposite side. 

14. Knees forward — raise right leg to knee hang be- 
tween hands — return. Same left. 

15. Reverse grasp — swing — on backward swing change 
right hand to common grasp — on next backward swing 
change left — off. 

16. Raise legs to half lever twice. 

17. Knees forward — release right hand and place on 
right hip— return. Same left. Alternate. 



8o Spalding's athletic library. 

1 8. Knees forward — toes to bar — feet through to back 
hang, head down — return. 

19. Hang, right hand reverse — swing. Same, left hand 
reverse. 

20. Cross hang — knees forward — walk forward across 
bar. 

21. Cross hang — knees forward — walk backward. 

22. Hang, right hand reverse — swing — off backward 
with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

23. Knees forward — release right hand and hold at 
front horizontal — return. Opposite side. Alternate. ' 

24. Reverse grasp — swing — on forward swing raise 
right hand above bar — regrasp — off on backward swing. 
Same left. 

25. Legs to half lever — ^hold three seconds. 

2(y. Knees forward — release right hand and hold at 
side horizontal — return. Same left. 

2^. Reverse grasp — swing — on forward swings alter- 
nate raising right and left hand above bar. 

28. Reverse grasp — swing — off forward with quarter 
right turn. Same left. 

29. Legs to half lever — hold five seconds. 

30. Left hand reverse — knees forward — release right 
hand and grasp left wrist — chin — return. Opposite side. 

31. Reverse grasp — swing — off on backward swing with 
quarter right turn. Same left. 

2^2. Reverse grasp — swing — off forward with half right 
turn. Same left. 

33. Right hand in twisted grasp — swing. Same left. 

34. Legs to half lever — release right hand and lower to 
side — return. Same left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 8l 

35. Right hand twisted — swing — off backward with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

36. Legs to half lever — release right hand and hold at 
front horizontal — return. Same left. 

37. Twisted grasp — swing. 

38. Twisted grasp — swing — off backward with quarter 
right turn. Same left. 

39. Legs to half lever — release right hand and hold at 
side horizontal — return. Same left. 

40. Reverse grasp — knees forward — chin three times. 

41. On backv^ard swing jump both hands above bar — 
recatch — swing forward — backward — off. 

42. Twisted grasp — swing — off backward with half 
right turn. Same left. 

43. Knees forward — both legs to knee hang outside of 
hands right. Opposite side. 

44. Reverse grasp — on backward swing release right 
hand and regrasp — swing forward — backward — off. 
Same left. 

45. Twisted grasp — swing — off forward with quarter 
right turn. Same left. 

46. Left hand reverse — walk right to left on bar passing 
right over left. Opposite side. 

47. On backward swings alternate stepping sideways 
left with right and left hand. Opposite side. 

48. Knees forward — walk right to left on bar passing 
right hand under left. Opposite side. 

49. Left foot on right knee — swing. Opposite side. 

50. Bent arm hang — walk sideways right to left pass- 
ing right hand over left. Opposite side. 

51. Right foot on left knee — swing and off backward 



82 Spalding's athletic library. 

with quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

52. Knee hang, left knee outside left hand — swing. 
Opposite side. 

53. Right foot on left knee — swing and off forward 
with quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

54. Back hang — swing. 

55. Back hang — release left hand and with half turn, 
regrasp bar. Opposite side. Alternate. 

56. Right foot on left knee — swing and off backward 
with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

57. Twisted grasp — swing and off forward with half 
right turn. Same left. 

58. Right foot on left knee — swing and off forward 
with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

59. Reverse grasp — swing — raise both hands above bar 
on forward swing — regrasp — swing backward — off. 

60. Right foot on left knee — swing and off forward, 
with half left turn. Opposite side. 

61. Raise knees forward to double knee hang outside 
hands left — change hands to opposite side of legs — down. 
Opposite side. 

62. Right foot on left knee — swing and off backward 
with half left turn. Opposite side. 

63. On forward swing release right hand and with half 
left turn regrasp bar — swing forward — backward and off. 
Opposite side. 

64. Right foot on left knee — swing and off forward 
with half right turn. Opposite side. 

65. Knee hang, left leg outside — swing up to side riding 
seat — left leg to front rest — short underswing to mat. 
Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 83 

66. Raise legs to half lever — toes to bar. 

67. Reverse grasp — at end of backward swing jump 
both hands to ordinary grasp — off. 

68. Knee hang, left leg between hands — swing up to 
side riding seat — fall back, leg between hands with short 
underswing to mat. Opposite side. 

69. Jump sideways right on each backward swing. 
Same left. 

70. Knees forward — legs to half lever — spread twice — 
return. 

71. On forward swing raise toes to bar — swing back- 
ward and off. 

"j^. Hold legs in half lever ten seconds. 

73. Knees forward — raise left leg to knee hang outside 
hands left — circle up to side seat — one knee circle back- 
ward — off. Opposite side. 

74. Pull up to bent arm rest right. Same left. 

Horizontal Bar. 

Fourth Grade. 

1. Swing — jump sideways right on each backward 
swing. Same left. 

2. Raise right leg upward to bar. Same left. 

3. Reverse grasp — swing — travel sideward right on 
each forward swing. Same left. 

4. Raise legs to half lever — toes upward to bar — return. 

5. Reverse grasp swing — at end of each backward 
swing raise toes to bar and underswing forward. 

6. Reverse grasp — knees forward — feet between hands 
to back hang — swing — off* on third forward swing. 



84 Spalding's athletic library. 

7. Knees forward — raise left leg to knee hang at right 
of hands — down. Opposite side. 

8. Right hand reverse^on forward swing raises toes to 
bar. Same, left hand reverse. 

9. Cross hang, bent arm — head to right of bar — walk 
backward across bar. Same, head to left of bar. 

10. Bent arm hang — jump sideways right. Same left. 

11. Hang — circle backward over bar, bending arms and 
legs. 

12. Knee hang, left between hands — swing up to seat 
left leg to front rest — short underswing to mat. Oppo- 
site side. 

13. On forward swing raise right heel up behind bar to 
right of hands — swing backward, forward and off. Op- 
posite side. 

14. Jump up with three-quarter right turn to cross hang, 
right hand forward. Opposite side. 

15. On forward swing raise right heel behind bar be- 
tween hands — swing backward, forward — off. Opposite 
side. 

16. Jump up with three-quarter right turn to cross hang, 
left hand forward. Opposite side. 

17. Circle backward around bar to rest above bar — one 
backward circle and short underswing to mat. 

18. On forward swing raise right heel up behind bar to 
left of hands. Opposite side. 

19. On forward swing raise right leg to knee hang to 
right of hands — swing backward, forward — off. Oppo- 
site side. 

20. On forward swing raise right leg to knee hang be- 
tween hands. Same left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 85 

21. Legs to half lever — spread — return — raise toes to 
bar. 

22. Left hand reverse — raise right leg to outside knee 
hang — swing up to seat — leg to front rest — short under- 
swing to mat. Opposite side. 

23. Right hand twisted grasp — legs to half lever — re- 
lease left hand and with full turn, regrasp. Opposite side. 

24. Right leg to knee hang outside right — swing up to 
seat — reverse grasp — forward knee circle — off forward. 
Opposite side. 

25. Twisted grasp — knees forward — legs to half lever — 
spread — return. 

26. On forward swing raise right leg up to knee hang 
outside hands left — ofif. Opposite side. 

2^]. Raise legs to half lever — toes to bar — circle back- 
ward over bar. 

28. Pull up to bent arm rest right — release left hand. 
Opposite side. 

29. Swing toes to bar on forward swing — hold while 
swinging backward, forward — ofif. 

30. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang — 
release left hand — full right turn — regrasp. Opposite 
side. 

31. Knees forward — right leg to knee hang outside 
hands right — swing to seat — one knee circle backward — 
short underswing to mat with quarter right turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

32. Run — circle backward over bar to rest — one back- 
ward circle around bar — short underswing to mat. 

33. Knees forward — right leg to knee hang between 
hands — swing up to seat — one knee circle backward — cir- 



86 Spalding's athletic library. 

cle left leg forward to back rest — off forward. Opposite 
side. 

34. Pull up to bent arm rest right — push up to rest 
above bar. Opposite side. 

35. Right leg up to knee hang outside hands right — 
swing to seat — two knee circles backward — short under- 
swing to mat. Opposite side. 

36. Pull up to rest above bar, right leading — under- 
swing forward — off backward with half right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

37. Right leg to knee hang between hands — swing to 
seat — two knee circles backward — short underswing to 
mat. Opposite side. 

38. Pull to rest above bar, right leading — underswing 
forward — off backward with three-quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

39. On forward swing raise right leg up to knee hang 
outside hands right and half forward knee circle to seat — 
short underswing to mat. Opposite side. 

40. Run — circle bar to rest above bar — roll forward 
slowly to hang, legs to half lever — bend knees — feet be- 
tween hands to back hang, head down — pull over bar — off. 

41. Circle backward over bar to front rest — free back- 
ward circle around bar — short underswing to mat. 

42. Right hand reverse — on forward swing raise right 
leg to knee hang outside right and half forward knee circle 
to seat — two forward knee circles — off. Opposite side. 

43. Right hand reverse — swing — step sideways right on 
both forward and backward swings. Opposite side. 

44. On forward swing raise right leg and half forward 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 87 

knee circle outside right to seat — right leg to front rest — 
front vault right over bar. Opposite side. 

45. Right hand reverse — swing — jump sideways right 
on both forward and backward swings. Opposite side. 

46. On forward swing half knee circle right outside to 
seat — one knee circle backward right — leg to front rest — 
rear vault left over bar. Opposite side. 

47. On backward swing, chin and hold wdiile swinging. 

48. On forward swing, half right turn, releasing both 
hands and recatching. Same left. 

49. Right hand reverse — raise right leg to knee hang 
outside right — swing up to seat — short underswing to mat 
with half right turn. Opposite side. 

50. Pull up to rest above bar, right leading — under- 
swing — on forward swing, raise right leg to half right 
knee circle forward to seat — short underswing to mat. 
Opposite side. 

51. Reverse grasp — raise right leg to knee hang outside 
right — swing up to seat — two forward knee circles — off. 
Opposite side. 

52. Circle backward around bar to front rest — lower 
slowly to hang, legs to half lever — bend knees — feet be- 
tween hands to back hang, head down — pull over bar — re- 
verse grasp right — lower slowly to bent arm hang right — 
lower to hang legs at half lever — off. 

53. On forward swing, half left turn, releasing right 
hand and regrasping — return at end of backward swing. 
Opposite side. 

54. Raise right leg to knee hang outside right — half 
knee circle backward to seat — squat right leg backward 
and short underswing to mat. Opposite side. 



88 



SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



55. Pull up to rest above bar, right leading — lower to 
bent arm rest right, releasing left — return to front rest — 
roll forward to hang, legs to half lever — off. Opposite 
side. 

56. Knees forward — raise right leg to knee hang be- 
tween hands — half knee circle backward to seat — squat 
left leg to back rest and fall backward with short under- 
swing between hands to mat. Opposite side. 

57. Knee hang, right leg between hands — half circle 
backward to seat — circle left leg forward to back rest — 
reverse grasp — lower to bent arm rest right — lower to 
hang, legs to half lever — return to bent arm rest right — ^re- 
grasp left — common grasp — push up to back rest — fall 
backward with short underswing between hands to mat. 
Opposite side. 

58. On forward swing raise right leg and half knee cir- 
cle forward between hands to seat — squat left forward and 
to mat. Opposite side. 

59. Left reverse — pull up to bent arm rest right — push 
up — return. Opposite side. 

60. On forward swing half right knee circle outside 
hands right up to seat — two knee circles backward — un- 
derswing — on forward swing half left knee circle forward 
to seat — off. Opposite side. 

61. Reverse grasp — legs to half lever — chin — circle 
backward around bar — lower to hang, legs to half lever — 
down. 

62. On forward swing raise heels up between hands be- 
hind bar — swing forward and off. 

63. On forward swing raise right leg up to knee hang 
between hands and half knee circle to seat — two circles 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 89 

backward — underswing — on forward swing half knee cir- 
cle left between hands to seat — short underswing to mat. 
Opposite side. 

64. Legs to half lever — chin— bent arm rest right — 
push up to rest — return. Opposite side. 

65. On forward swing raise legs up between hands to 
double knee hang — swing forward and off. 

66. Reverse grasp — on forward swing half knee circle 
right outside hands right to seat — three forward knee cir- 
cles. Opposite side. 

67. On forward swing raise legs up to double knee hang, 
right outside, left between hands. Opposite side. 

68. Reverse grasp — on forward swing half right knee 
circle between hands to seat — two forward knee circles. 
Opposite side. 

69. Knees forward — feet between hands to double knee 
hang — release hands and swing in double hock. 

70. Same as 69 and drop off on forward swing. 

71. Upstart. 

Horizontal Bar. 
Fifth Grade, 

Exercises of extreme difficulty on the Horizontal Bar, 
such as forward and backward giant swings, handstand, 
double hock circle and somersaults, are very plentiful, but 
the following few exercises are examples of what may im- 
mediately follow the Fourth Grade : 

Upstart with rolls forward and backward. 

Three-quarter and full turn dismounts at ends of for- 
ward or backward swings. 

Uprise. 



90 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Slow pull-up to rest above bar. 

Uprise with backward roll. 

Uprise with underswing forward and backward and re- 
peat uprise. 

At end of backward swing raise right leg to knee hang 
outside hands right — half knee circle backward to side 
riding seat on bar. 

Same and continue backward circle. 

Same between hands. 

Both at once outside or between hands. 

Back hang, head down — pull over bar — reverse grasp — 
forward circle, bar at small of back. 

Double knee circles forward and backward, hands out- 
side or between legs, or one between and one outside, 
legs, etc. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 9I 



CHAPTER VI. 

Side Horse. 
First Grade. 

1. Jump to front rest at saddle — down. 

2. Front rest — raise right leg backward — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

3. Front rest — raise right knee on horse — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

4. Jump to kneel in saddle — down. 

5. Front rest — to kneel in saddle — return. 

6. Front rest — raise right knee in saddle — then left — 
return. Opposite side. 

7. Jump with quarter left turn to cross seat in saddle — 
down (left leg straight, right leg flexed). Opposite side. 

8. At neck — front rest — alternate raising right and left 
leg backward. Same at croup. 

9. At neck — front rest — alternate raising right and left 
knee on horse. Same at croup. 

10. At neck — jump to kneel on horse — down. Same on 
croup. 

11. At neck — front rest — to kneel on horse. Same on 
croup. 

12. At neck — jump with quarter left turn to cross seat. 
Same turning right. 

13. At croup — jump with quarter right turn to cross 
seat. Same turning left. 



92 Spalding's athletic library. 

14. Squat right foot in saddle — down. Same left. Al- 
ternate. 

15. Squat both feet in saddle — down. 

16. Front rest — squat right foot in saddle — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

17. Front rest — squat both feet in saddle — return. 

18. Squat on horse — jump over to mat. 

19. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest — 
half right turn to front rest on neck — off backward. Op- 
posite side. 

20. Squat right foot on neck — down. Same left on 
croup. 

21. Squat both feet on neck — down. Same on croup. 

22. Front rest — partial feint right. Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

23. Front rest on neck — half right circle left leg — re- 
turn. Same with right leg on croup. 

24. Front rest in saddle — half right circle left leg — re- 
turn. Same right. Alternate. 

25. Front rest on neck — squat right foot on horse — re- 
turn. Same left on croup. 

26. Front rest on neck — squat both feet on horse — re- 
turn. Same on croup. 

27. Front rest on neck — partial' feint left. Same right. 
Alternate. 

28. Front rest on croup — partial feint right. Same left. 
Alternate. 

29. Squat in saddle — over to mat. Same on neck and 
croup. 

30. Squat in saddle — over with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 93 

31. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest — ■ 
half right turn to front rest on neck — half right circle left 
leg and return. Opposite side. 

32. Front rest on neck — half left circle right leg and 
return. Opposite side. 

^;^. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest — 
half right turn to front rest on neck — half left circle right 
leg and return. Opposite side. 

34. Squat on neck — over with quarter right turn. Same 
left. 

35. Squat on croup — over with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

36. Squat to right knee in saddle, left leg back to hori- 
zontal. Opposite side. Alternate. 

37. Jump to wolf position, right knee in saddle (left ex- 
tended sideways). Opposite side. Alternate. 

38. Squat to right foot in saddle — over. Same left. 

39. Wolf position, right foot in saddle (left extended 
sideways). Opposite side. Alternate. 

40. Squat to right foot on neck — over. Same left. 

41. Front rest — half left circle right leg — half right cir- 
cle left leg to back rest — off forward. Opposite side. 

42. Repeat exercise 40 on neck and the opposite side on 
croup. 

43. Squat to right foot on croup — over. Same left. 

44. To wolf position, right knee on neck (left extended 
sideways). Wolf position, left knee on croup. 

45. Front rest on neck — half right circle left leg — half 
left circle right leg— ofif forward. Opposite side on croup. 

46. Squat right leg forward to side riding seat — half 



94 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

right circle left leg and off with quarter right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

47. Jump to wolf position, right foot on neck. Wolf 
position, left foot on croup. 

48. Squat right leg to side riding seat — squat right leg 
backward to floor. Same left. Alternate. 

49. Flank vault right and left. 

Side Horse. 
Second Grade. 

1. Jump to wolf position, left knee on neck (right ex- 
tended sideways). Wolf position, right knee on croup. 

2. Front rest — half left circle right leg — hall right cir- 
cle left leg and off with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

3. Front rest — squat right leg to side riding seat — squat 
right leg backward to front rest — off. Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

4. Jump to wolf position, left foot on neck. Wolf posi- 
tion, right foot on croup. 

5. Front rest — half left circle right leg — squat right leg 
backward to floor — flank vault right. Opposite side. 

6. Squat on horse, right foot on croup, left in saddle. 
Opposite side. 

7. Front rest — half left circle right leg — squat right leg 
backward to front rest — repeat exercise left. 

8. Jump to spread on horse — over. 

9. Front rest — half left circle right leg — squat left leg 
to back rest — squat both legs backward to front rest — re- 
peat left. 

10. Jump to squat, right foot and left knee on horse — - 
down — flank vault right. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 95 

11. Jump to kneel on right knee, left leg extended back- 
ward — squat left leg to side riding seat — half left circle 
right leg and off with quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

12. Squat on horse — to back rest — off forward. 

13. Squat to back rest — off forward. 

14. Front rest — half left circle right leg — half right cir- 
cle left leg with half right turn to front rest on croup. Op- 
posite side. 

15. Rear vault right and left. 

16. Jump to kneel on right knee, left leg extended back- 
ward — squat right leg to side riding seat — half right circle 
left leg and off with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

17. Squat over horse to mat, holding on with hands. 

18. Front rest — half left circle right leg — return — half 
right circle left leg — half left circle right leg and off with 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

19. Squat over horse to mat, pushing off. Same with 
quarter right turn before landing. Same left. 

20. Squat to back rest — half right circle right leg — half 
left circle right leg and off with quarter right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

21. Rear vault right and left. 

22. Squat to back rest — half right circle right leg — 
quick half right turn — half right circle right leg — off back- 
ward. Opposite side. 

23. Squat over horse, spread legs and return before 
landing. 

24. Squat over horse for distance. 

25. At neck — rear vault svving left to riding seat on 
neck — off forward. Opposite side on croup. 

26. Front rest — squat to back rest — off forward. 



96 Spalding's athletic library. 

2']. Squat to back rest — 'Squat backward to board. 

28. Squat to back rest — raise right leg forward — return. 
Same left. Both at once. 

29. Front rest — squat to back rest — squat to front rest 
— off backward. 

30. Squat forward to floor, holding pommels — squat 
backward to floor. 

31. Squat right leg to side riding seat — half right circle 
right leg — squat over to mat. Opposite side. 

32. Front rest — to kneel — to back rest — off forward 
with quarter right turn. 

33. Front rest — squat to back rest — half left turn to 
front rest on neck. Opposite side. 

34. Squat to back rest with right leg at half lever. Same 
left. 

35. Squat to back free rest, legs at half lever. 

36. Squat over to mat extending legs well forward. 

37. Squat right leg to side riding seat — squat right 
backward and left forward to side riding seat — squat right 
leg to back rest — off. Opposite side. 

38. Front vault swing to riding seat on neck — off back- 
ward. Opposite side on croup. 

39. Squat legs over horse to half lever — off with half 
right turn. Same turning left off. 

40. Front vault swing left to riding seat in saddle — 
spread forward to croup and over end to floor. Opposite 
side. 

41. Squat to astride right arm — off forward with quar- 
ter left turn. Opposite side. 

42. Front vault swing left to riding seat in saddle — 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 97 

Spread backward over pommel to neck — off backward to 
floor. Opposite side. 

43. Squat to back rest — squat right leg backward to side 
riding seat — half right turn — squat right leg backward to 
floor. Opposite side. 

44. At croup — rear vault swing left to riding seat on 
croup — spread forward over pommel to saddle — over pom- 
mel to neck — off forward to floor. Opposite side. 

45. Squat to back rest — squat right leg backward to side 
riding seat — squat left leg backward and right forward at 
same time — squat left forward and off. Opposite side. 

46. At croup — front vault swing left to riding seat on 
croup — spread backward over pommel to saddle — back- 
ward over pommel to neck — backward to floor. Opposite 
side. 

47. At neck — Squat with quarter left turn to stand on 
neck — off sideways right. Opposite side on croup. 

48. Squat with quarter left turn to stand on right foot 
on neck — off sideways right. Opposite side on croup. 

49. Squat with quarter right turn to stand on right foot 
on neck — off sideways left. Opposite side on croup. 

50. Scj[uat to back rest — squat backward to stand on 
horse — off forward. 

51. Squat right leg to side riding seat — squat left to 
back rest — return. Opposite side. 

52. Wolf vault right and left. 

53. At neck — flank vault left to back rest. Opposite 
side on croup. 

54. Flank vault right to back rest in saddle. Same left. 

55. Wolf vault right to back rest in saddle. Same left. 

56. Run — squat left leg to side riding seat — half left 



98 Spalding's athletic library. 

circle right leg — half left circle left leg — half right circle 
right leg — half right circle left leg — half left circle right 
leg. Opposite side. 
57. Squat to stand on pommels — off forward. 

Side Horse. 
Third Grade. 

1 . Front rest at saddle — feint right. Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

2. Squat right leg to side riding seat — squat left leg to 
back rest — off forward with quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

3. Squat to back rest — off forward with half right turn. 
Same left. 

4. Squat right leg to side riding seat — squat right leg 
backward and left leg forward at same time — squat right 
leg forward to back rest — off forward. Opposite side. 

5. Run — squat over horse, spreading legs before land- 
ing. 

. 6. Squat over horse with quarter right turn. Same left. 

7. Jump to spread on horse — over. 

8. Jump to spread on horse — off forward with half right 
turn. Same left. 

9. Half right circle right leg — half right circle left leg 
to back rest — off forward. Opposite side. 

10. Right circle with right leg to front rest — to floor — 
flank vault left. Opposite side. 

It. Half right circle right leg — half left circle right leg 
to front rest — to floor — rear vault right. Opposite side. 

12. Half left circle right leg — half left circle right leg to 
front rest — squat over to mat. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 99 

13. Front vault right. Same left. 

14. Squat over horse with half right turn. Same left. 

15. Right circle with right leg to front rest— half right 
circle left leg— half left circle right leg and off with quar- 
ter left turn. Opposite side. 

16. Rear vault left, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

17. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest- 
squat backward to mat. Opposite side. 

18. Right hand on left pommel— jump to back rest — 
half left circle left leg — squat right leg backward and to 
mat. Opposite side. 

19. Right hand on left pommel— to back rest — half left 
circle left leg— half right circle right leg to front rest— off 
backward. Opposite side. 

20. Rear vault swing to riding seat in saddle — front 
vault right. Opposite side. 

21. Front rest — half left circle right leg— half left turn 
— half left circle left leg to front rest— off backward. Op- 
posite side. 

22. Rear vault left to riding seat in saddle — quarter left 
turn to side riding seat— squat right leg to back rest- 
squat backward to mat. Opposite side. 

23. Front rest — half left circle right leg with half left 
turn to side riding seat — squat left leg backward to front 
rest— off backward with half right turn. Opposite side. 

24. Run— spread over horse. 

25. Spread over horse with quarter right turn. Same 
left.^ 

26. Feint right— half right circle right leg — half left 
circle right leg — off. Opposite side. 



100 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

2^. Feint right — rear vault swing left to riding seat in 
saddle — front vault right. Opposite side. 

28. Feint right— half right circle right leg — half left 
turn — half left circle left leg — off backward. Opposite 
side. 

29. Feint right — rear vault swing left to riding seat in 
saddle — quarter left turn — squat right leg to back rest — 
squat both backward to mat. Opposite side. 

30. Feint right — half right circle with right leg with 
half left turn to side riding seat — half left circle left leg — 
off backward with half right turn. Opposite side. 

31. Spread over horse with half right turn. Same left. 

32. Feint right — squat left leg to side riding seat — half 
left circle right leg to back rest — off forward. Opposite 
side. 

33.. Feint right — squat to back rest — off forward with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

34. Right circle with right leg to floor — flank vault left. 
Opposite side. 

35. Right circle with right leg to floor — rear vault left. 
Opposite side. 

36. Front rest — flank vault right to back rest — off for- 
ward. Same left. 

37. Feint right — flank vault left. Opposite side. 

38. Feint right — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

39. Right hand on left pommel — jump to back rest — 
half right turn to front rest on neck — half left circle right 
leg — half right circle right leg — off backward. Opposite 
side. 

40. Front vault swing left to riding seat on neck — back- 
ward scissors right — off backward. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. lOI 

41. Feint right — front vault left. Opposite side. 

42. Right hand on left pommel — to back rest — half right 
turn to front rest on neck — left circle with right leg. Op- 
posite side. 

43. Feint right — flank vault left to back rest. Opposite 
side. 

44. Screw backward left to riding seat on croup — off 
forward. Opposite side on neck. 

45. At neck— rear 'vault swing left to riding seat on 
neck — forward scissors right — front vault left. Opposite 
side on*croup. 

46. Screw backward left to riding seat on croup — for- 
ward scissors right — front vault right. Opposite side on 
neck. 

47. Right circle with right leg and off with quarter right 
turn. Opposite side. 

48. Thief jump from right foot to side riding seat, left 
leg forward — squat right leg to back rest — off forward. 
Opposite side. 

49. Half left circle right leg — half right circle left leg 
with three-quarter right turn to riding seat on croup — 
front vault right. Opposite side. 

50. Rear vault left with half left turn. Opposite side. 

51. Half left circle right leg — half right circle left leg 
with half right turn and half right circle left leg to side 
riding seat on croup — half left circle right leg to back rest 
— half left circle both legs to mat. Opposite side. 

Side Horse. 
Fourth Grade. 
I. At saddle — rear vault left with quarter right turn. 
OppO-Site side. 



102 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

2. Squat to back rest — right circle with right leg. Same 
left. 

3. Squat to back rest — left circle right leg. Opposite 
side. 

4. Front vault swing to riding seat on croup — feint 
right — flank vault left. Opposite side. 

5. Flank vault left, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

6. Flank vault right to back rest — half right circle both 
legs — flank vault left. Opposite side. 

7. Right circle right leg and off with half left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

8. Front vault swing to riding seat on croup — feint 
right — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

9. Flank vault left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

10. Flank vault left to back rest — right circle right leg. 
Opposite side. 

11. Feint left — half left circle right leg — half right cir- 
cle left leg with three-quarter right turn to riding seat on 
croup — front Vault right. Opposite side. 

12. Flank vault left to back rest — right circle right leg 
and off with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

13. Front vault left, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

14. Flank vault left to back rest — right circle right leg 
and off with quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

15. Front rest on neck — half left circle right leg — scis- 
sors sideways left — off sideways. Opposite side on croup. 

16. Feint left — half left circle right leg — half right 
circle left leg with three-quarter right turn to riding seat 
on croup — feint right, flank vault left. Opposite side. 

17. Front vault left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. IO3 

18. Rear vault left to riding seat in saddle — scissors 
backward left — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

19. Front rest — half left circle right leg — scissors side- 
ways left — half left circle right leg — off forward. Oppo- 
site side. 

20. Front vault swing to riding seat on croup — feint 
right — front vault left. Opposite side. 

21. Front rest — front vault right. Same left. 

22. Feint left — half left circle right leg — half right cir- 
cle left leg with three-quarter right turn to riding seat on 
croup — feint right — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

23. Rear vault swing left to riding seat in saddle — scis- 
sors forward right — front vault left. Opposite side. 

24. Feint right — rear vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

25. Front rest — rear vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

26. Front rest on neck — half right circle left leg — scis- 
sors sideways left — off sideways. Opposite side. 

27. Feint left — half left circle right leg — half right cir- 
cle left leg with three-quarter right turn to riding seat on 
croup — feint right — front vault left. Opposite side. 

28. Feint right — rear vault left, quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

29. Front rest — rear vault left, quarter right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

30. Front rest — half right circle left leg — feint right to 
astride right arm — return to front rest. Opposite side. 

31. Front rest^half right circle left leg — feint right to 
astride right arm — flank vault left. Opposite side. 



104 SPALX)ING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

2)2. Feint right — flank vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

^iy}). Front rest — flank vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

34. Front rest — half right circle left leg — feint right to 
astride right arm — rear vault left. Opposite side, 

35. Feint right — flank vault left, quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

36. Front rest — flank vault left, quarter right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

2)^. Front rest — half right circle left leg — feint right to 
astride right arm — as right leg returns, half right turn of 
body to side riding seat — half right circle left leg with 
three-quarter right turn to riding seat on neck — feint left — 
flank vault right. Opposite side. 

38. At neck — flank vault left with full turn right. Op- 
posite side on croup. 

39. Feint right — rear vault left, half left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

40. Front rest — rear vault left, half left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

41. Flank vault left with full right turn. Same left. 

42. Squat to back rest — scissors sideways right to riding 
seat on croup — feint right — rear vault left, quarter left 
turn. Opposite side. 

43. Feint right — front vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

44. Front rest — front vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

45. Feint right — screw backward right to riding seat on 
neck — ofif forward. Opposite side on croup. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 10$ 

46. Feint right — screw backward right to riding seat on 
neck— scissors forward right— feint left— front vault 
right. Opposite side. 

47. Feint right— front vault left, quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

48. Front rest— front vault left, quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

49. Run — thief jump from left foot to side riding seat, 
right leg forward— half right circle left leg with three- 
quarter right turn to riding seat on croup— feint right- 
left leg right circle— feint left— rear vault right. Opposite 
side. 

50. Flank vault left, three-quarter left turn. Opposite 
side. 

Side Horse. 
■ Fifth Grade. 

From the Third and Fourth Grades the instructor may 
compile the Fifth Grade by executing the various circling 
exercises and vaults in the following ways : 

1st. From a double feint. 

2d. From a feint right and double feint left. 

3d. From double circle. 

4th. From feint and double circles. 

5th. From double feint and double circles, etc. 
Double and triple vaults. 
Same from feint and double feint, etc. 

This may be continued indefinitely as far as any pupil 
can advance, and the following exercises will be sufficient 
to show the method of compiling advanced work by which 
the instructor may, in a few minutes, prepare his lesson : 



io6 Spalding's atpiletic library. 

1. Double feint right and left. 

2. Double feint right — flank vault left. 

3. Opposite side. 

4. Feint left — double feint right — rear vault left. 

5. Opposite side. 

6. Double circle right and left. 

7. Double circle right — front vault left. 

8. Opposite side. 

9. Double rear vault right and left. 

10. Feint right — double rear vault to left. 

11. Opposite side. 

12. Double feint right — double rear vault left. 

13. Opposite side. 

14. Double rear vault swing left to riding seat on croup 
— forward scissors right — feint right, front vault left. 

15. 'Opposite side. 

16. Feint right — right circle with right leg — flank vault 
left. 

17. Opposite side. 

18. Same as 16 and 17 from double feint right. 

19. Flank vault right to back rest — double circle right 

20. Opposite side. 

21. Same as 19 and 20 from feint and double feint. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. IO7 



CHAPTER VII. 

Low Horizontal Bar. 

(Bar 4 to 4 feet 6 inches.) 

First Grade. 

1. Jump to front rest — down. 

2. Jump right foot to bar between hands. Same left. 
Alternate. 

3. Jump both feet to bar. 

4. Jump to rest, right foot on bar outside of hands- 
down. Opposite side. 

5. Jump to rest, right foot on bar outside of hands-^ 
flank vault right. Opposite side. 

6. Roll forward to floor. 

7. Roll forward to floor — feet between hands to back 
hang — off. 

8. Swing at front rest, three times. Same with reverse 
grasp. 

9. Swing at front rest — push off backward for distance 
on second swing. 

10. Same as exercise 9 with quarter right and left turn 
before landing. 

11. Same as exercise 9 with half right and left turn be- 
fore landing. 

12. Front rest — raise right leg over bar to knee hang 
outside hands right. Same left. 



I08 SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

13. Reverse grasp — swing at front rest — push off back- 
ward for distance. 

14. Flank vault right and left. 

15. Reverse grasp— swing at front rest — push off back- 
ward with quarter right turn. Same left. 

16. Reverse grasp — roll forward to mat. 

17. Reverse grasp — roll forward to mat — feet between 
hands to back hang. 

18. Reverse grasp — swing at front rest — push off back- 
ward with half right turn. Same left. 

19. Alternate jumping right and left foot to bar between 
hands. Both at once. 

20. Jump to rest, right foot on bar outside of hands — • 
flank vault right. Opposite side. 

21. Front rest — jump right foot to bar — down to mat. 
Same left. 

22. Roll forward to mat — feet between hands to back 
hang — off. , 

23. Front rest — swing. Same reverse grasp. 

24. Front rest — jump both feet to bar. 

25. Flank vault right and left. 

26. Right hand reverse — swing in front rest. Same, 
left reverse. 

2"]. Jump right foot on bar between hands. Same, left. 
Alternate. 

28. Right hand reverse — swing in front rest — push off 
backward for distance. Same, left reverse. 

29. Back toward bar with hands on bar — jump to back 
rest — push off forward for distance. 

30. Right hand reverse — swing in front rest — push off 
backward with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. lOQ 

31. Rear vault right and left. 

32. Alternate jumping right and left foot on bar. 

33. Squat on bar — return. 

34. Squat on l^ar — jump over. 

35. Front rest — jump right foot to bar. Same left. 
Alternate. 

36. Right hand reverse — swing in front rest — push off 
backward with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

37. Right hand reverse — jump left foot on bar outside 
of hands — front vault left. Opposite side. 

38. Right hand reverse — front vault left. Opposite 
side. 

39. Front rest — jump both feet to bar. 

'40. Right reverse, front rest — jump left foot to bar. 
Opposite side. 

41. Flank vault right, quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

42. Right reverse, front rest — jump both feet to bar. 
Same, left reverse. 

43. With right side toward bar and right hand on bar — 
jump to back rest. Opposite side. 

44. Swing in front rest. Same, reverse grasp. 

45. Jump left foot on bar outside of hands — rear vault 
left. Opposite side. 

46. Swing in front rest and jump toes to bar. Same, 
reverse grasp. 

47. Right hand reverse — flank vault left. Opposite 
side. 

48. Right hand on bar — jump to back rest — raise right 
knee. Opposite side. 



no SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

49. Reverse grasp — roll forward — feet between hands 
to back hang — off. 

50. Reverse grasp — roll forward without touching bar. 

51. Right reverse — flank vault right. Opposite side. 

52. Wolf position right (right foot between hands on 
bar, left leg extended to left on bar). Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

53. Back rest on bar — raise both knees. 

54. Flank vault right, half right turn. Opposite side. 

55. One hand vault right. Same left. 

56. Squat on bar — down. Squat on bar — over. 

57. Right reverse — jump to wolf position left. Oppo- 
site side. 

58. Rack rest — ^raise right leg forward. Same left. 
Alternate. 

59. Jump right foot on bar outside hands^flank vault 
right. Opposite side. 

60. Front rest — bend and straighten arms. 

61. Back rest, right hand reverse — raise right knee. 
Opposite side. 

62. Front rest — jump right foot on bar. Same left. 
Alternate. 

63. Back rest, right reverse — raise right leg. Opposite 
side. 

64. Jump to bent arm rest right, holding with left hand. 
Opposite side. 

65. Front rest — jump both feet to bar. 

66. Front rest — squat on bar — down. 

67. Flank vault right, half right turn — flank vault left, 
Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. Ill 

6S. Front rest, right reverse — jump right foot on bar. 
Opposite side. 

69. Back rest — knees forward — straighten right leg for- 
ward. Same left. 

70. Front rest, right reverse — jump feet to bar. Same, 
left reverse. 

71. Front rest, right reverse — jump feet on bar. Same, 
left reverse. 

y2. Squat right foot on bar — jump over. Same left. 

73. Squat on bar — jump over. 

74. Underswing from stand. 

75. Underswing from front rest. 

Low Horizontal Bar. 

(Bar 4 to 4 feet 6 inches.) 

Second Grade. 

1. Rear vault right and left. 

2. Bent arm rest right, releasing left hand. Opposite 
side. 

3. Flank vault left quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

4. Swing in front rest — swing toes to bar. Same, re- 
verse grasp. 

5. Jump to back rest — swing legs forward and back- 
ward. 

6. Roll forward to floor. 

7. Roll forward to floor — feet between hands to back 
hang — off. 

8. One hand vault right — return left. Opposite side. 

9. Swing in back rest — push off forward for distance. 

10. Roll forward and without touching floor, feet be- 
tween hands to back hang — off. 



112 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

11. Jump to wolf position, right foot between hands — 
down. Opposite side. Alternate. • 

12. Wolf position, right foot between hands — jump 
over to mat. Opposite side. 

13. Reverse grasp — flank vault right. Same left. 

14. From front rest — lower to bent arm rest right — re- 
turn. Same left. 

15. Front rest — lower to elbow hang right — return. 
Same left. Both at once. 

16. Right hand reverse — jump to wolf position, left foot 
between hands — over to mat. Opposite side. 

17. Squat right foot on bar — jump over to mat. Same 
left. 

18. Flank vault left, half right turn. Opposite side. 

19. Right reverse — squat right foot on bar — jump over 
to mat. Opposite side. 

20. Front rest — lower to bent arm rest right, releasing 
left hand — return. Opposite side. 

21. Stand with right side toward bar, several feet away 
— jump with quarter right turn to front rest. Opposite 
side. 

22. Front rest — lower to upper arm hang right — return. 
Same left. Both at once. 

23. Right side toward bar, several feet away — jump 
with quarter right turn to front rest, reverse grasp. Op- 
posite side. 

24. Reverse grasp — roll forward. 

25. Reverse grasp — roll forward — feet between hands to 
back hang — of¥. 

26. Reverse grasp — roll forward without touching bar. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. II3 

2^.. Flank vault right, half left turn — flank vault left, 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

2%. Back rest — swing legs forward and backward — 
jump right heel to bar. Same left. 

29. Stand with back toward bar, several feet away — 
jump with half right turn to front rest. Opposite side. 

30. Back rest — swing legs — jump heels to bar. 

31. Right hand reverse — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

32. Jump right leg to knee hang outside hands right — 
swing up to seat — off. Same left. Alternate. 

33. Rear vault left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

34. Back rest — swing legs— alternate raising right and 
left heel to bar. 

35. Short underswing to mat. 

36. Back rest — swing — jump right foot on bar between 
hands — off forward. Same left. 

37. One hand vault right — return left. Same left, re- 
turning right. 

38. Back rest — swing — squat on bar — off forward. 

39. Front rest — lower to bent arm rest right, releasing 
left hand — return. Opposite side. 

40. Back rest — swing — push off forward for distance 
with quarter right turn. Same left. 

41. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault left. 
Opposite side. 

42. Jump toes to bar, legs spread. 

43. Jump feet on bar, legs spread — down. Same and 
jump over. 

44. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault right. 
Opposite side. 



114 Spalding's athletic library. 

45. Back rest — swing — push off forward with half right 
turn. Same left. 

46. Squat right foot on bar — jump over. Same left. 

47. Reverse grasp — roll forward without touching bar. 

48. Back rest, right reverse — push off forward for dis- 
tance with quarter right turn.* Opposite side. 

49. Back to bar, several feet away — jump with half 
right turn to front rest. Same left. 

50. Flank vault right and left, spreading legs. 

51. Back rest — swing — push off forward with three- 
quarter right turn. Same left. 

52. Underswing to mat. 

53. Back rest, right reverse — push off forward for dis- 
tance with half right turn. Opposite side. 

54. Roll forward and without touching floor, feet be- 
tween hands to back hang — off. 

55. Back to bar, several feet away — jump with half 
right turn to front rest, reverse grasp. Same left. 

56. Squat on bar — down. Same and jump over. 

57. Squat on bar — jump over with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

58. Squat on bar — jump over with half right and left 
turn. 

59. Rear vault right and left, spreading legs, 

60. Swing at front rest — jump feet to bar — repeat. 
Same with reverse grasp. 

61. Swing at front rest — jump right foot on bar — re- 
peat. Same left. 

62. Same as 61 with reverse grasp. 

63. Swing in front rest — squat on bar — down. Same, 
reverse grasp. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. II5 

64. Back rest — bend and straighten arms. 

65. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault left. 

66. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault right. 

67. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — flank vault 
right. 

68. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — flank vault 
lefl 

69. Back rest — swing right foot on bar — ofif forward, 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

70. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault left. 

71. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right. 
^2. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right, 

quarter left turn. 

'j'iy. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right, 
quarter right turn. 

74. Back rest — squat feet on bar — down. 

75. Back rest — alternate swinging right and left foot on 
bar. 

76. From stand — underswing to mat. 
JJ. From front rest — underswing to mat. 

Low Horizontal Bar. 

(Bar 4 feet 6 inches to 5 feet.) 

Third Grade. 

1. Flank vault right and left. 

2. Roll forward slowly to hang, legs at half lever — feet 
between hands to back hang — ofif. 

3. Swing at front rest — alternate jumping right and 
left foot to bar. Same with reverse grasp. 

4. Front rest — half right circle left leg and return. Op- 
posite side. 



ii6 Spalding's athletic library. 

5. Swing at front rest — push off backward for distance 
with half right turn. Same left. 

6. Rear vault right and left. 

7. Reverse grasp — roll forward slowly to hang, legs at 
half lever — feet between hands to back hang — off. 

8. Reverse grasp — swing — push off backward for dis 
tance with half right turn. Same left. 

9. Front rest — jump both feet to bar — repeat. 

10. Stand — short underswing to mat. Same from front 
rest. 

11. Roll forward to mat and repeat quickly several 
times. 

12. Flank vault right and left. 

13. Rear vault right and left. 

14. Squat right foot on bar — jump over. Same left. 
Both at once. 

15. Right side toward bar, right hand on bar — jump to 
back rest, reverse grasp — push off forward for distance. 
Opposite side. 

16. Front rest — squat right foot on bar — over. Same 
left. Both at once. 

17. Front vault right and left. 

18. Reverse grasp — roll forward without touching bar. 

19. Flank vault right, quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

20. Wolf vault position, right foot between hands on . 
bar, left extended sideways — over. Opposite side. 

21. Right hand reverse — flank vault left. Opposite side. 

22. One hand vault right. Same left. 

23. Right hand reverse — flank vault right. Opposite 
side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. II7 

24. Back rest — reverse grasp — alternate raising right 
and left and both knees. 

25. Flank vault right, half right turn. Opposite side. 

26. Back rest — reverse grasp — alternate raising right 
and left and both legs. 

2J. Starting from right foot — circle backward around 
bar to front rest — underswing to mat. Same, starting 
from left. Both at once. 

28. Front rest — lower to bent arm rest right — return — 
same left. 

29. Front rest — jump to wolf position on bar, right foot 
between hands — over. Opposite side. 

30. Flank vault right, half right turn — flank vault left. 
Opposite side. 

31. Back rest — knees forward — alternate straightening 
right and left and both knees forward. 

32. Front rest — lower to bent arm rest right, releasing 
left — return — and same to opposite side. 

33. Flank vault left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

34. Roll forward and without touching floor, feet be- 
tween hands to back hang — ofif. 

35. One hand vault rip-ht — return left. Opposite side 
first. 

36. Right side toward bar, several feet away — jump 
with quarter right turn to front rest, reverse grasp. Op- 
posite side. 

37. Reverse grasp — flank vault right and left. 

38. Jump to right knee hang outside right — swing up to 
rest — ofl^. Opposite side. 

39. Flank vault left, half right turn. Opposite side; 



ii8 Spalding's athletic library. 

40. Knee hang, right outside — knee circle backward. 
Opposite side. 

41. Back toward bar, several feet away — jump with half 
right turn to front rest, reverse grasp. Opposite side. 

42. Jump to knee hang, right outside — half knee circle 
backward to rest above bar. Opposite side. 

43. Flank vault right, half left turn — flank vault left, 
quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

44. Back rest — squat right foot on bar — off forward. 
Same left. 

45. Right hand reverse — rear vault left. Opposite side. 

46. Back rest — alternate squatting right and left foot on 
bar. 

47. Rear vault left, quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

48. One hand vault right — return left. Opposite side 
first. 

49. Back rest — squat on bar — off forward. 

50. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault right. 
Opposite side. 

5r. Jump feet on bar, legs spread — down. Same and 
jump over. 

52. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault left. 
Opposite side. 

53. Backward knee circle, right between hands. Same 
left. 

54. Reverse grasp — squat right foot on bar — over. 
Same, left. 

55. Flank vault right and left, spreading legs. 

56. Reverse grasp — knee hang, right outside — forward 
knee circle. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. IIQ 

57. Squat on bar — off forward with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

58. Rear vault right and left, spreading legs. 

59. Back rest — bend and straighten arms. 

60. Front rest — flank vault right and left. 

61. Squat on bar — off forward with half right turn. 
Same left. 

62. Rear vault right and left from front rest. 

63. Reverse grasp — forward knee circle, right between 
hands. Same left. 

64. Front rest — front vault right and left. 

65. Two knee circles backward, right outside. Oppo- 
site side. 

66. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault left. 
Opposite side. 

67. Two knee circles backward, right between hands. 
Same left. 

68. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — flank vault right. 
Opposite side. 

69. Two knee circles forward, right outside. Opposite 
side. 

70. Flank vault right and left to back rest. 

71. Flank vault right to back rest — fall backward with 
short underswing between hands to mat. Same from 
vault left. 

'J2. Two forward knee circles, right between hands. 
Same left. ' 

73. Front rest — backward circle around bar. 

74. Same as 73, adding short underswing to mat. 



120 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Low Horizontal Bar. 

(Bar 4 feet 6 inches to 5 feet.) 

Fourth Grade. 

1. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault left. 

2. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right. 

3. Squat right leg to side riding seat — half right circle 
left leg — off. Opposite side. 

4. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right, 
quarter left turn. 

5. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right, 
quarter right turn. 

6. Squat to back rest — off forward. 

7. Reverse grasp, front rest — squat right foot on bar — 
over. Same left. Both at once. 

8. Squat on bar — over with half right turn. Same left. 

9. Front rest — squat right leg to side riding seat — one 
knee circle backward and short underswing to mat. Op- 
posite side. 

10. Squat on bar — off forward with three-quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

11. Reverse grasp, front rest — squat right leg to side 
riding seat — knee circle forward right. Opposite side. 

12. Front rest — flank vault left, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

13. Front rest — squat on bar — over. Same, reverse 
grasp. 

14. Front rest — squat over bar. Same, reverse grasp. 

15. Front rest— flank vault right, quarter left turn. 
Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 121 

i6. Front rest — squat to back rest — off forward. Same, 
reverse grasp. 

17. Front rest — flank vault swing right to back rest and 
return. Opposite side. 

18. Squat right leg to side riding seat and return to mat. 
Same left. 

19. Squat on bar — off forward with full right turn. 
Same left. 

20. Jump up, circling right leg half right circle — knee 
circle backward. Opposite side. 

21. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault left. 
2.2. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault right. 
22i. From stand — short underswing with quarter right 

turn. Same left. 

24. Front rest — right circle with left leg. Opposite 
side. 

25. Stand well back — short underswing to mat. 

26. Front rest — short underswing with quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

2J. Front rest — right circle with right leg. Opposite 
side. 

28. Back rest, reverse grasp — lower to bent arm rest^ 
right — half right turn, regrasping left — push up to rest. 
Opposite side. 

29. From stand — short underswing with half right 
turn. Same left. 

30. Starting from right foot — free circle backward over 
bar to mat. Same, starting from left. Both at once. 

31. Back rest, reverse grasp — lower to bent arm rest 
right — half right turn, regrasp left — to bent arm rest left 



122 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

— half right turn — regrasp right — continue across bar. 
In opposite direction. 

32. Front rest — short underswing with half right turn. 
Same left. 

33. Front rest — free backward circle around bar to mat. 
Same, ending with short underswing to mat. - 

34. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault left, 
quarter left turn. 

35. Rear vault left, quarter left turn — rear vault left, 
quarter right turn. 

36. Back rest — fall backward to short underswing be- 
tween hands to mat with quarter right turn. Same, turn- 
ing left. 

-^y. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault 
right, quarter right turn. 

38. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault 
right, quarter left turn. 

39. Back rest — fall backward with short underswing 
between hands to mat with half right turn. Same left. 

40. Double knee circle backward, knees between hands. 

41. Back rest — fall backward to swing, heels on bar — 
»on return swing, uprise over bar to back rest. 

42. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault left, 
quarter left turn. 

43. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault left, 
quarter right turn. 

44. Double knee circle backward, knees between hands, 
falling backward to swing, heels on bar — on return swing 
uprise over bar to back rest — off forward, 

45. One hand vault right — return left. Same, left 
first. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I23 

46. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault 
right, quarter left turn. 

47. Rear vault right, quarter right turn — rear vault 
right, quarter right turn. 

48. Circle backward around bar to front rest — right 
knee over bar outside right — knee circle backward. Op- 
posite side. 

49. Double knee circle backward, right leg between 
hands, left outside. Opposite side. Alternate. 

50. Squat over bar. Same, holding until feet are on 
floor. 

51. Double knee circle forward, knees between hands. 

52. Squat over bar with quarter right turn. Same left. 

53. From seat on bar, right hand between legs, left out- 
side — fall backward to swing, heels on bar — on return 
swing uprise to seat. Opposite side. 

54. Reverse grasp — squat over bar. Same, holding 
until feet are on floor. 

55. From, seat, right hand between legs, left outside — 
double knee circle backward — fall backward to swing, 
heels on bar — on return swing uprise to seat. Opposite 
side. 

56. Squat over bar with half right turn. Same left. 

57. Double knee circle backward, hands between legs. 

58. From seat, hands between legs — fall backward to 
swing, heels on bar — on return swing uprise to seat. 

59. Combine exercises 57 and 58. 

60. Squat to back rest — double knee circle backward. 

61. Same as 60, adding — fall backward to swing, heels 
on bar — on return swing uprise to seat. 



124 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

62. Reverse grasp — squat to back rest — double knee cir 
cle forward. 

63. Spread over bar to mat. Same from front rest. 

64. Front rest — squat to seat, right leg between hands, 
left outside — double knee circle backward. Opposite side. 

65. Same as 64, adding — fall back to swing, heels on 
bar — on return swing uprise to seat. Opposite side. 

66. From stand — short underswing with three-quarter 
right turn. Same left. 

67. From seat, right hand between legs, left outside, re- 
verse grasp — double knee circle forward. Opposite side. 

68. Front rest — spread over bar to seat, hands between 
legs — double knee circle backward. 

69. Same as 68, adding — fall backward to swing, heels 
on bar — on return swing uprise to seat. 

70. Double knee circle forward, hands between legs, 
reverse grasp. 

71. Front rest — squat over bar with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

72. Reverse grasp, front rest — squat over bar with 
quarter right turn. Same left. 

y2)- Circle backward around bar to front rest — right leg 
over bar outside right — knee circle backward — return 
right to front rest and raise left to outside left — knee circle 
backward. 

74. Front rest — squat over bar with half right turn. 
Same left. 

75. Reverse grasp, front rest — squat over bar with half 
right turn. Same left. 

76. Front rest — flank vault swing right to back rest, 
spreading legs. Same left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 25 

'jy. Rear vault rig^ht, half right turn. Opposite side. 

78. Front rest — flank vault swing right to back rest, 
spreading legs — return right to front rest. Opposite side. 

79. Jump, circling right leg half right circle with half 
left turn of body to knee circle backward left between 
hands. Opposite side. 

Low Horizontal Bar. 
Fifth Grade. 

Most of the work on this piece of apparatus is merely 
preliminary to that done on the high horizontal bar, there- 
fore the suggestions for Fifth Grade on that piece apply in 
great measure to the low bar. 

Those exercises distinctly for the low bar are : 

Raising the bar for the various vaults for height. 

Squat, straddle, wolf, flank, rear and front vaults with 
turns. 

Jumping, squatting and straddling to various circles, 
gradually raising the bar to the height of the ordinary 
horizontal bar. 

Many of the Third and Fourth Grade exercises may 
then be profitably repeated on the high bar. 

Interesting combinations for advanced work may be had 
by exercising with two bars, one at 8 feet, the other at 
about 4 feet in height. 



126 SPALDINC/S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Long Horse. 
First Grade. 

Working at croup end, horse without pommels. 

1 . Front rest — alternate raising right and left leg. 

2. Jump to kneel on right knee, left leg extended back- 
ward. Opposite side. 

3. Jump to riding seat — front vault right. Opposite 
side. 

. 4. Jump to kneel — off to right side. Same, off left. 

5. Jump to kneel — to riding seat — front vault right. 
Same with front vault left. 

6. Squat on horse — off to right. Same left. 

7. Squat on horse — off right, quarter left turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

8. Squat on horse — off right, half left turn. Opposite 
side. 

9. Jump well forward to riding seat — front vault right. 
Same with front vault left. 

10. Squat on horse — down to front leaning rest, hands 
on neck-^off right. wSame and off left. 

11. Squat on horse — down to riding seat — spread over 
far end to mat. 

12. Squat on horse- — down to front leaning rest — spread 
over far end to mat. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I27 

13. Squat on horse — off to right, quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

14. Squat on horse — off to right, half right turn. Op- 
posite side. 

Long Horse. 

Second Grade. 

1. Squat on horse — step forward right and jump over 
far end to mat. Same, stepping forward left. 

2. Squat on horse — jump forward to neck — jump for- 
ward to mat. 

3. Squat well in on horse — jump over far end to mat. 

4. Rear vault right and left. 

5. Jump into riding seat — right leg over forward to left 
side with quarter right turn to front rest — off backward. 
Opposite side. 

6. Repeat exercise 5 to floor, then flank vault right over 
horse. Opposite side. 

7. Jump into riding seat — quarter right turn to side 
riding seat — half right circle left leg to back rest — off for- 
ward. Opposite side. 

8. Jump into riding seat — up backward to front leaning 
rest — down to riding seat — front vault right. Same, with 
vault left. 

9. Flank vault right and left. 

TO. Jump into riding seat — right leg over forward to 
left side and half right turn circling left leg to riding seat 
— front vault right. Opposite side. 

II. Jump along left side of horse to outside cross seat- 
quarter right turn to front rest — off backward. Opposite 
side. 



128 SPALDINC/S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

12. Same as ii to floor, then flank vault right. Oppo- 
site side. 

13. Jump along left side of horse to outside cross seat- — 
quarter right turn to mat — rear vault right. Opposite 
side. 

14. Jump well in with rear vault right and left. 

Long Horse. 
Third Grade. 

1. Jump as far is as possible to riding seat — front vault 
right. Same with front vault left. 

2. Riding seat — front vault right, quarter left turn. 
Opposite side. 

3. Jump to kneel on right knee, left leg extended back- 
ward — down to outside seat left, circling right leg forward 
to riding seat — front vault right. Opposite side. 

4. Jump as far in as possible with rear vault right and 
left. 

5. Ridjng seat — up forward to back leaning rest — re- 
turn and front vault right. Same with front vault left. 

6. Jump in as far as possible with flank vault right and 
left. 

7. Riding seat — right leg over forward to left side with 
quarter right turn to front rest — flank vault right. Oppo- 
site side. 

8. Jump far in to riding seat — spread over far end to 
mat. 

9. Riding seat — rear vault right and left. 

10. Riding seat — right leg forward over to left side 
with quarter right turn to front rest — rear vault right. 
Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I29 

11. Jump along left side of horse to outside seat — half 
right turn, circling left leg to riding seat — rear vault right. 
Opposite side. 

12. Rear vault right, quarter left turn. Opposite side. 

13. Jump far in to front leaning rest — off right. Sam^. 
off left. ' 

14. Run — spread over horse. 

Long Horse. 
Fourth Grade. 

1. Jump into riding seat — front vault right, half left 
turn. Opposite side. 

2. Jump far in to front leaning rest — spread over far 
end to mat. 

3. Jump well in on horse with rear vault right, quarter 
left turn. Opposite side. 

4. Riding seat — backward scissors right. Same left. 

5. Riding seat — hands behind — up to back leaning 
rest — forward scissors right — front vault right. Oppo- 
site side. 

6. Riding seat — forward scissors right. Same left. 

7. Riding seat — rear vault right, quarter left turn. Op- 
posite side. 

8. Rear vault swing left to outside seat right — off right. 
Opposite side. 

9. Rear vault swing left to outside seat right — front 
vault left. Opposite side. 

10. Front vault right and left. 

11. Jump well in on horse with rear vault right, half left 
turn. Opposite side. 



130 Spalding's athletic library. 

12. Riding seat — feint right — rear vault swing left to 
riding seat — rear vault right. Opposite side. 

13. Rear vault right and left, jumping as far forward as 
pos'sible. 

14. Riding seat — feint right — rear vault left. Oppo- 
site side. 

Long Horse. 
Fifth Grade. 

In this, as in the other grades, the number of exercises 
is very limxited, so the apparatus is used but a few times 
during the season. Advanced exercises may be compiled 
from the following : 

From riding seat feint right — rear vaults with quarter, 
half and three-quarter turn in or out. 

Spread up over croup to rear vault. 

Run — double rear vault. 

Run — double vault, combining rear and front vaults. 

Run — spread up over croup with scissors right or left to 
riding seat. 

Run — spread up over croup with scissors and immedi- 
ate dismount over croup to floor. 

Rear, flank and front vaults, jumping as far forward as 
possible. 

Rolls forward — handspring over neck end. 

Also many advanced exercises may be done without re- 
moving the pommels. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I3I 



CHAPTER IX. 

Horizontal Ladder. 
First Grade. 

1. Jump to cross hang on outside — down. 

2. Cross hang — step forward right — return. Same left. 
Ahernate. 

3. Cross hang, hands inside on rails — down. 

4. Inside grasp — raise right knee forward — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

5. Cross hang — one jump forward — down. 

6. Hang — raise knees forward — return. 

7. Cross hang on round — down. 

8. Hang, reverse grasp on round. 

9. Alternate jumping to ordinary and reverse grasps on 
round. 

10. Hang on round — one step forward right — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

11. Hang — knees forward — one step forward right — 
return. Same left. Alternate. 

12. Inside grasp on rails — one step forward right — re- 
turn. Same left. Alternate. 

13. Hang — swing — off on backward swing. 

14. Inside grasp on rails — raise right leg forward — re- 
turn. Same left. Alternate. 

15. Hang — pull up to chin. 

16. Side hang on rail — down. 



132 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

17. Side hang on rail — step sideways right — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

18. Cross hang on round — chin. 

19. Side hang — step sideways right with side straddle — 
return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

20. Side hang, reverse grasp on inside of rail. 

21. Cross hang, reverse grasp on round — chin. 

22. Cross hang on round — knees forward — step for- 
ward right to next round — return. Same left. Alternate. 

2}^. Inside hang on rails — jump forward to common 
grasp on round. 

24. Inside hang on rails — jump backward to reverse 
grasp on round. 

25. Inside hang on rails — chin. 

26. Cross hang, right hand outside, left inside on rails — 
down. Opposite side. Alternate. 

2^. Inside hang on rails — knees forward — step forward 
right — return. Same left. Alternate. 

28. Hang — change right hand to round — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

29. Hang — walk forward. 

30. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward — return. Same left. Alternate. 

31. Hang — walk backward. 

32. Side hang on rail — step forv.^ard right to opposite 
rail — return. Same left. Alternate. 

33. Hang — walk forward and backward. 

34. Hang — off with quarter right turn. Same left. 

35. Hang — off with half right turn. Same left. 

36. Side hang — walk sideways right. Same left. 

37. Side hang on rounds — chin. 



TPIE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 33 

38. Side hang on rounds, inside grasp— chin. 

39. Cross hang on rounds — walk forward, right hand 
leading. Same, left hand leading. 

40. Side hang on rounds, skipping one — chin. 

41. Side hang on rounds, skipping one, inside grasp — 
chin. 

42. Jump to cross arm hang on round, right over left — 
down and same to opposite side. 

43. Cross hang on rounds — walk backward, right hand 
leading. Same, left hand leading. 

Horizontal Ladder. 
Second Grade. 

1. Cross hang — swing — touch toes forward to iadder. 

2. Swing — one jump forward — off. 

3. Reverse grasp on round — jump to common grasp on 
next round. 

4. Cross hang, bent arm — two steps forward right — re- 
turn. Same left. Alternate. 

5. Side hang, bent arm — walk sideways right. Same 
left. 

6. Cross hang on round — jump to reverse grasp on 
same round. 

7. Jump with quarter right turn to side hang on outside. 
Same left. 

8. Cross harlg— jump forward with each forward 
swing. 

9. Hang on round — jump forward to next round. 

10. Jump with quarter right turn to side hang on 
rounds. Same left. 



134 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

11. Hang on roand — jump to reverse grasp on round 
behind. 

12. Side hang on outside — walk sideways right, several 
steps at a time with each hand. Opposite side. 

13. Hang — jump to hang on round. 

14. Hang — jump backward on each backward swing. 

15. Hang — jump to reverse grasp on round. 

16. Side hang on outside — swing sideways, walking 
sideways right. Same left. 

17. Hang on round — jump to hang on outside. 

18. Jump with quarter right turn to side hang on out- 
side, reverse grasp. Opposite side. 

19. Hang, reverse on round — jump to hang on outside. 

20. Jump with quarter right turn to side hang on 
rounds, inside grasp. Same left. 

21. Side hang on outside — jump to side hang on rounds. 

22. Side hang on rounds — walk sideways right. Same 
left. 

23. Side hang on rounds, inside grasp — jump forward 
to common grasp on inside of rail. 

24. Hang — swing and catch feet on rounds in front 
leaning rest. 

25. Side hang on rounds, inside grasp — jump backward 
to reverse grasp on inside of rail. 

26. Side hang on rounds — walk sideways right, skip- 
ping one. Same left. 

27. Side hang on rounds, inside grasp — jump forward 
to common grasp on inside of rail — return to inside grasp 
on rounds — backward to reverse grasp on inside of rail — 
down. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I35 

28. Jump with quarter right turn to inside hang on rail, 
reverse grasp. Opposite side. 

29. Cross hang on outside — jump forward. . 

30. Inside hang — walk forward right hand leading. 
Same, left leading. 

31. Hang — jump backward. 

32. Jump w'th half right turn to cross hang on rounds. 
Same left. 

33. Side hang on outside — jump sideways right. Same 
left. 

34. Cross hang, right outside, left on round — walk for- 
ward. Opposite side. 

35. Jump with half right turn to inside grasp on rails. 
Same left. 

36. Hang — knees forward — walk forward. 

37. Cross hang, right inside grasp, left on round — walk 
forward. Opposite side. 

38. Hang — knees forward — walk backward. 

39. Bent arm hang — walk forward. 

40. Bent arm hang— walk backward. 

41. Cross hang, right on outside, left on round — walk 
backward. Opposite side. 

42. Hang — raise knees forward — legs to half lever — 
return. 

43 Hang — raise legs to half lever. 

44. Cross hang, right inside grasp on rail, left on round 
-r-walk backward. Opposite side. 

45. From slanting board — jump down to cross hang on 
outside — off. 

46. Same as 45, adding second jump before dropping. 

47. Hang — raise knees forward — toes to ladder. 



136 Spalding's athletic library. 

Horizontal Ladder. 
Third Grade. 

1. Cross hang on outside — walk forward. 

2. Hang — walk backward. 

3. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward — return. Same left. Both at once. 

4. Hang, right knee forward — walk forward. Same, 
left forward. 

5. Raise legs to half lever. 

6. Hang, right knee forward — walk backward. Same, 
left knee forward. 

7. Reverse grasp on rounds — knees forward — chin. 

8. Legs to half lever — spread — return. 

9. Hang — walk forward, alternate raising right and left 
knee as corresponding arm advances. Same, walking 
backward. 

10. Hang — swing feet up co round — walk between 
hands — return. 

11. Hang — swing feet up to round — walk between 
hands to back hang — off. 

12. Hang — walk forward, two steps at a time with each 
hand. 

13. Hang — swing feet up to round — walk out until 
body is straight — down. 

14. Hang — walk backward, two steps at a time with 
each hand. 

15. Hang — ^^swing feet up to round — walk forward, 
using corrsponding arm and leg at same time. Same, 
using opposite arm and leg at same time. 

16. Hang — jump forward across ladder. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 37 

17. Hang- — jump backward. 

18. Hang — swing feet up to round — walk backward, 
using corresponding arm and leg at same time. Same, 
using opposite arm and leg. 

19. Hang — knees forward — walk forward. Same, 
backward. 

20. Hang — swing feet up to round — travel forward, 
using both feet and then both arms at same time. Same, 
backward. 

21. Side hang on outside — walk sideways right. Same 
left. 

22. Side hang — swing feet up to opposite rail. 

23. Side hang — -right knee forward — walk sideways 
right. Opposite side. 

24. Side hang — swing feet up to rail — feet between 
hands to back hang — off. 

25. Side hang — swing feet up to opposite rail — walk 
sideways right. Same left. 

26. Side hang — walk sideways right, alternate raising 
right and left knee as corresponding arm advances. Op- 
posite direction. 

27. Side hang — raise knees forward — toes to rail. 

28. Side hang — jump sideways right. Same left. 

29. Hang — swing right foot up to round, left leg and 
body straight. Opposite side. 

30. Side hang — knees forward — walk sideways right. 
Same left. 

31. Side hang — swing right foot up to opposite rail, left 
leg and body straight. Opposite side. 

32. Cross hang on rounds — walk forward. 



138 Spalding's athletic library. 

Tf^. Hang, right outside, left on round — jump to oppo- 
site side — down. Opposite side. 

34. Hang on rounds — walk backward.. 

35. Hang — walk forward, swinging sideways. 

36. Hang, right outside, left reverse on round — jump to 
opposite side. Opposite side. 

37. Hang — walk backward, swinging sideways. 

38. Side hang — walk sideways right, swinging side- 
ways. Same left. 

39. Hang, inside grasp — off with half right turn. Same 
left. 

40. Hang, right knee forward — jump forward. Same, 
left forward. 

41. Hang, inside grasp — off with three-quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

42. Hang, right knee forward — jump backward. Same, 
left forward. 

43. Hang on outside — jump to hang on round — return. 

44. Hang on outside — jump to reverse grasp on round 
— return. 

45. Side hang, right knee forward — jump sideways 
right. Opposite side. 

46. Side hang, reverse grasp on inside of rail — jump to 
common grasp on inside of opposite rail. 

47. Side hang, reverse grasp on inside of rail — jump to 
common grasp on inside of opposite rail — jump to reverse 
grasp on outside of same rail — down. 

48. Hang on rounds, right knee forward — walk for- 
ward. Opposite side. 

49. Side hang on outside of rail — jump to hang on in- 
side of opposite rail. 



the grading of gymnastic exercises. 1 39 

Horizontal Ladder. 
Fourth Grade. 

1. Cross hang on rounds, right knee forward — walk 
backward. Same, left forward. 

2. Side hang on outside — walk sideways right passing 
left hand under right. Opposite side. 

3. Hang — knees forward — jump forward. Same back- 
ward. 

4. Side hang on outside — jump to inside grasp on 
rounds. 

5. Side hang, inside grasp on rounds — jump backward 
to side hang on outside. 

6. Side hang — knees forward — jump sideways right. 
Same left. 

7. Side hang — walk sideways right, passing left hand 
over right. Opposite side. 

8. Hang on rounds — knees forward — walk forward. 

9. Side hang on outside — jump to inside grasp on 
rounds — return. 

10. Cross hang, inside grasp — walk forward. 

11. Side hang — jump with quarter right turn to cross 
hang on round. Same left. 

12. Cross hang, inside grasp — walk backward. 

13. Bent arm hang — walk forward. Same, backward. 

14. Side hang on rounds — walk sideways right, skip- 
ping one round. Same left. 

15. Cross hang, right leg forward — walk forward. 
Same, left forward. 

16. Cross ^ hang, right leg forward — walk backward, 
Same, left forward. 



I40 Spalding's athletic library. 

17. Cross hang — jump with quarter right turn to side 
hang on rounds. Same left. 

18. Side hang, reverse grasp on outside of rail — walk- 
sideways right. Same left. 

19. Hang on rounds — jump forward. Same backward. 

20. Side hang, right leg forward — walk sideways right. 
Opposite side. 

21. Side hang, reverse grasp on outside of rail — travel 
sideways right, half left turn, then half left turn again — 
continue across ladder. Opposite direction. 

22. Side hang, reverse grasp on inside of rail — walk 
sideways right. Same left. 

23. Jump with three-quarter right turn to cross hang 
on outside. Same left. 

24. Side hang on rounds — jump sideways right. Same 
left. 

25. Side hang — walk sideways right, alternate raising 
right and left leg as corresponding arm advances. Oppo- 
site direction. 

26. Jump with three-quarter right turn to side hang on 
rounds. Same left. 

27. Cross hang on outside, right leg forward — jump 
forward. Same, left forward. 

28. Hang — knees forward — feet to ladder — straighten 
body between rounds to back hang, head down. 

29. Side hang on outside — knees forward — feet be- 
tween hands and just beyond ladder — walk sideways right. 
Same left. 

30. Hang, right leg forward — jump backward. Same, 
left forward. 

31. Hang — legs to half lever — upward to ladder. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I4I 

32. Side hang, right leg forward — jump sideways right. 
Opposite side. 

33. Side hang on inside of rail — knees forward — circle 
over ladder. 

34. Inside hang — chin twice. 

35. Cross hang on round — right leg forward — w^alk 
forward. Same, left forward. 

36. Inside hang — legs to half lever — chin. 

37. Cross hang, right outside, left on round — jump for- 
ward. Opposite side. 

38. Hang on round — right leg forward — walk back- 
ward. Same, left forward. 

39. Reverse grasp on round — walk forward. Same 
backward. 

40. Inside hang — jump forward. Same backward. 

41. Bent arm side hang- — jump sideways right. Same 
left. 

42. Hang on rounds — walk forward, skipping one. 
Same, skipping two. 

43. Cross hang — knees forward — feet up between 
rounds, circling through to riding seat on top of ladder. 

44. Jump forward on rounds, skipping one. 

Horizontal Ladder. 
Fifth Grade. 

This grade must be largely a review of the various 
jumping and traveling exercises of the Fourth Grade. 
The distance Covered, or the speed, or both, may be in- 
creased. 

These" exercises may be done with right or left, or both, 
knees or legs forward, etc. 

Various lively mounts to upper side of ladder, with 
traveling exercises on top will also come under this head. 



42 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



CHAPTER X. 

Slanting Ladder. 

First Grade. 

. Under side — facing ladder. Ladder making about 6c 
degree angle with the floor. 

1. Jump to hang on outside — down. 

2. Hang — chin. 

3. Hang — raise right knee forward. Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

4. Jump to hang, right on outside, left on round — 
down. Opposite side. Alternate. 

5. Jump to hang, right inside on rail, left on round — 
down. Opposite side. Alternate. 

6. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward to round — return. Same left. Alternate. 

7. Jump to inside hang — down. 

8. Inside hang — jump to hang on round below. 

9. Hang on outside — change right hand to round — re- 
turn. Same left. 

10. Hang on outside — jump to hang on round. 

11. Hang — swing sideways. 

12. Jump to hang, right outside, left reverse on round. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

13. Hang, right on outside, left on round — jump to 
right on round, left on outside. Opposite side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I43 

14 Hang, right outside, left inside, on laiib down 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

15. Hang, right outside, left inside, on rails — jump to 
hang on round. Opposite side. 

Under side, facing out. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

16. Jump to hang on outside — down. 

17. Hang — alternate raising right and left knee for- 
ward. 

18. Hang — raise both knees forward. 

19. Hang — swing sideways. 

20. Hang — chin. 

21. Jump to hang on round. 

22. Hang on round — chin. 

23. Reverse grasp hang on round. 

24. Reverse grasp hang on round — chin. 

25. Hang — raise knees forward^straighten right leg 
forward — return. Same left. Alternate. 

26. Jump to hang, right outside, left on round — down. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

2y. Jump to inside grasp — down. 

28. Inside hang — jump to reverse grasp on round be- 
low. 

29. Jump to hang, right outside, left inside on rails — 
down and up to opposite side. 

30. Hang, right outside, left inside on rails — jump to 
reverse grasp on round. Opposite side. 

Under side, facing ladder. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

31. Hang on round — jump to right outside, left inside, 
on rails. Opposite side. 

32. Hang — raise feet on round — walk up, using cor- 



144 Spalding's athletic library. 

responding arm and leg at same time — return same. Re- 
peat quickly. 

33. Reverse grasp on round — jump to inside grasp — 
down. 

34. Hang — feet on round — walk up, using opposite arm 
and leg at same time — return same. Repeat quickly. 

35. Hang on round — jump to hang on outside. 

36. Hang on round — feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg at same time — to hang, hands 
outside — walk down. 

37. Same as exercise 36, using opposite arm and leg. 

38. Repeat exercises 36 and 37 quickly. 

39. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward between rounds, left foot on round. Opposite 
side. 

40. Reverse grasp on round — jump to common grasp 
on round below. 

41. Common grasp on round — jump to common gi*asp 
on round below. 

Slanting Ladder. 

Second Grade. 

Under side, facing ladder. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

1. Inside hang — feet on round — walk up, using cor- 
responding arm and leg at same time — return same. 
Same, using opposite arm and leg at same time. 

2. Hang on round — step right to next round — follow 
with left — drop. Opposite side. 

3. Hang, right reverse on round, left on outside — feet 
on round — walk up, using corresponding arm and leg at 
same time — return. Same, using opposite arm and leg. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 145 

4. Repeat exercises of 3. with left hand reverse, right 
outside. 

5. Hang on round — ^chin twice. 

6. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — down same. 

7. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten legs for- 
ward between rounds — return. 

8. Reverse grasp on round — feet on round — walk up, 
using corresponding arm and leg at same time. Same, 
using opposite arm and leg. 

9. Hang — raise legs to half lever, spreading ladder. 

10. Swing sideways, walking up short distance — drop. 

11. Repeat exercise 10 several times, increasing height 
of drop. 

Under side, facing out. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

12. Hang on outside — raise knees forward — ^straighten 
legs forward — return. 

13. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — down. 

14. Hang — raise legs to half lever — down. 

15. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — drop. 

16. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — jump down 
on outside. 

At side of ladder. Ladder, 60 degrees or more. 

17. Jump to hang, right on round, left on rail — down. 
Opposite side. 

18. Hang, right on round, left on rail — chin. Opposite 
side. 

19. Jump to hang, right inside grasp on round, left on 
rail — down. Opposite side. 

20. Hang, right on round, left on rail — raise knees for- 
ward — straighten right leg forward — return. Opposite 
side. 



146 Spalding's athletic library. 

21. Hang, right on round, left on rail — raise knees for- 
ward — straighten legs forward. Opposite side. 

22. Hang, right on round, left on rail — raise legs to half 
lever — return. Opposite side. 

23. Hang, right on round, left on rail — walk up several 
steps with left hand — return. Opposite side. 

24. Hang, right on round, left on rail — walk up several 
steps with right hand — return. Opposite side. 

Ladder as near perpendicular as possible. 

25. Hang, right on round, left on rail — raise feet on 
rounds, spreading ladder — down. Opposite side. 

26. Hang, right on round, left on rail — raise feet on 
round, spreading ladder — walk up, using corresponding 
arm and leg — return. Same, using opposite arm and leg. 

27. Repeat exercises of 26 on opposite side of ladder. 
Under side, facing ladder. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

28. Jump to hang on outside — off with quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

29. Hang — off with half right turn. Same left. 

30. Hang — off with three-quarter right turn. Same 
left. 

31. Hang — walk up several steps with right hand — re- 
turn. Same left. Alternate. 

32. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — at top, hands 
on rounds — walk down, right hand leading. Same, left 
hand leading on return. 

33. Hang on outside — walk up — return. 

34. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — at top, hands 
on rounds — walk down, each hand skipping one round. 
Same, jumping down on rounds on return. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I47 

35. Walk Up — drop. Repeat several times, increasing 
height of drop. 

Under side, facing out. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

36. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — at top, hands 
on rounds — walk down, right hand leading. Same, left 
hand leading on return. 

^^y. Same as exercise 36, skipping one round with each 
hand on return. 

38. Same as exercise 36, jumping down on rounds, re- 
verse grasp. 

39. Walk up — down. 

40. Walk up — drop. Repeat several times, increasing 
height of drop. 

Under side, facing ladder. 

41. W^alk up — drop. Repeat several times, increasing 
height of drop. 

Slanting Ladder. 

Third Grade. 

Under side, facing ladder. Ladder about 60 degrees. 

1. Hang on outside — raise legs to half lever, spreading 
ladder. 

2. Hang — raise knees forward — chin. 

3. Hang, right on outside, left on round — jump to op- 
posite side. Opposite side. 

4. Raise knees forward — straighten legs forward, 
spreading ladder. 

5. Right, inside grasp on rail, left on round — jump to 
opposite side. Opposite side. 

6. Hang — raise feet on round — jump hands down twice 
on outside — return. 



148 Spalding's athletic library. 

7. Inside hang — jump to second round below. 

8. Hang on round — feet on round — jump hands down 
twice on rounds — return. 

9. Hang on outside — jump to hang on round — return. 

10. Hang — swing sideways, walking up — drop. 

11. Right outside, left reverse on round — jump to op- 
posite side. Opposite side. 

12. Hang on round, left reverse — raise legs to half 
lever with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

13. Hang on round — jump to second round below. 

14. Right outside, left inside on rails — jump to oppo- 
site side. Opposite side. 

15. Reverse grasp on round — jump to hang on right 
rail, right outside, left inside. Opposite side. 

16. Hang — raise feet to round — slide through to hol- 
low back — return. 

17. To same position as in 16 — jump hands to rounds — 
return. 

18. Hang on round — jump up to hang on right rail, 
right outside, left inside. Opposite side. Alternate. 

Under side, facing out. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

19. Hang — raise legs to half lever. 

20. Hang — raise knees forward — alternate straighten- 
ing right and left leg forward. Both at once. 

21. Swing sideways, walking up — drop. 

22. Hang on round — chin twice. 

23. Hang on round — jump to reverse grasp on round 
below. 

24. Reverse grasp on round — jump to reverse grasp on 
round below. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I49 

25. Hani;- on ruuiul — step right to next round — return. 
Same left. 

26. Reverse grasp on round — step right to reverse grasp 
on next round — return. Same left. 

Under side, facing in. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

27. Hang on round — jump to right outside, left inside 
on rails — to round — to opposite side. 

28. Hang — feet on round — walk up, using correspond- 
ing arm and leg at same time — return same. Same, using 
opposite arm and leg. 

29. Reverse grasp on round — jump down to inside 
grasp — return to reverse on round — to outside hang — 
down. 

30. Hang — feet on round — walk up, using correspond- 
ing arm and leg at same time — drop. Same, using oppo- 
site arm and leg. 

31. Hang on round — feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arfn and leg at same time — hands on out- 
side—jump down to outside. Same, using opposite arm 
and leg. 

32. Hang on right rail, right outside, left inside — jump 
to hang on round — to same position left — down. Oppo- 
site side. 

33. Hang — left foot on right knee — swing sideways, 
walking up — return. Same, right foot on left knee. 

34. Hang on round — jump to round ahove — return. 

35. Hang on round — jump to round below — return. 
Upper side of ladder. Ladder about 60 degrees. 

36. Hang on outside, feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg at same time — return. Same, 
using opposite arm and leg. 



150 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

37. Inside grasp on rails, feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg — return. Same, using oppo- 
site arm and leg. 

38. From floor — jump to stand on round — balance. 

39. Hands and feet on round — walk up, using corre- 
sponding arm and leg. Same, using opposite arm and leg. 

40. Same as exercises in 39 with hands reverse grasp 
on round. 

Under side, facing ladder. Ladder about 60 degrees. 

41. Hang on outside — walk up — down. 

42. Hang on outside — walk up — drop. Repeat several 
times, increasing height of drop. 

43. Inside hang — chin twice. 

44. Hang — knees forward — swing sideways, walking 
up. 

45. Hang, left foot on right knee — right foot on round 
— walk up, right hand, left hand, foot — repeat — return 
same. Same, right foot on left knee. 

46. Same position as for 45 — use both hands at once. 

47. Hang on round — raise feet on round — jump down 
several rounds with hands — return. 

48. Hang on round — right foot on round — jump down 
several rounds with hands — return. Opposite side. 

Slanting Ladder. 

Fourth Grade. 

LTnder side, facing ladder. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

1. Hang on outside — walk up — down. 

2. Hang on outside — raise right foot on round — jump 
hands to catch several rounds below — return. Opposite 
side. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. iqi 

3. Inside grasp — feet on round — walk up, using cor- 
responding arm and leg. Same, using opposite arm and 
leg. 

4. Hang on round — walk up, right hand leading. Same 
left. 

5. Hang on round, left reverse grasp — left foot on right 
knee — raise right leg to half lever, with half right turn. 
Opposite side. 

6. Inside grasp — walk up, right hand leading. Same 
left. 

7. Hang on round — jump to round above — drop. 

8. Reverse grasp on round — feet on round — walk up, 
using corresponding arm and leg — return. Same, using 
opposite arm and leg. 

9. Hang on outside — raise legs to half lever, spreading 
ladder — jump in to hang on round — off. 

Under side, facing out. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

10. Hang — raise legs to half lever — spread — return. 

11. Hang on outside — jump to reverse grasp on round 
— return. 

12. Hang — walk up — down. 

13. Hang, right outside, left on round — jump to oppo- 
site side. Opposite side. 

14. Knees forward — feet between hands to back hang 
— drop. 

15. Hang on rails, right outside, left inside — jump to 
opposite side. Opposite side. 

Under side, facing ladder. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

16. Hang — knees forward — feet between hands to back 
hang — return. 

At side of ladder. . 



152 Spalding's athletic library. 

17. Right on round, left on rail — walk up — return. 
Opposite side. 

18. Right, inside grasp on round, left on rail — walk up 
— return. Opposite side. 

19. Right on round, left on rail — legs to half lever — 
jump down, right on round below, left lower on outside. 
Opposite side. 

Ladder nearly perpendicular. 

20. Right on round, left on rail — feet on rounds, spread- 
ing ladder — walk up, using corresponding arm and leg. 
Opposite side. 

21. Same as 20, using opposite arm and leg. 

22. Left on round, right on rail — feet on rounds, spread- 
ing ladder — travel up, both feet at once, both hands at 
once. Opposite side. 

At side of ladder. Ladder, 45 degrees or less. 

23. Right on rail, left on round — off with half left turn. 
Opposite side. 

24. Right on rail, left on round — off with three-quarter 
right turn. Opposite side. 

25. Right on rail, left on round — jump with quarter 
right turn to cross hang on round. Opposite side. 

Upper side. Ladder, 60 degrees or more. 

26. Hands on outside, feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg — over right side of ladder and 
return same on under side. Same, going over opposite 
side. 

27. Same as 26, using opposite arm and leg. 

28. Walk up quickly, using corresponding arm and leg 
^turn right to under side — drop. Same, turning left. 

29. Same as 28, using opposUe arm and leg. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 153 

30. Hands and feet on rounds — travel up, using first 
both hands, then both feet at same time. 

31. Hands on outside, feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg, skipping two rounds with 
each foot. Same, using opposite arm and leg. 

32. Walk up, using corresponding arm and leg at same 
time — slide down on rails. Same, using opposite arm and 
leg in ascent. 

33. Back to ladder, hands on outside, feet on round — 
walk up, using corresponding arm and leg at same time — 
return same. Same, using opposite arm and leg. 

34. Same as exercises in 33 — return, sliding down on 
rails. 

35. Ascend as in exercises in 33 — turn to lower side — 
jump down on outside. 

Under side. Ladder, 45 to 60 degrees. 

36. Hang on outside — jump up — return. 

37. Hang on outside, feet on round — walk up, using 
corresponding arm and leg at same time — turn right to 
upper side — slide down on rails. Same, turning left to 
upper side. 

^S. Same as exercises in 37, using opposite arm and leg 
in ascent. 

39. Jump up — drop. Repeat several times, increasing 
height of drop. 

40. Walk up rapidly — slide down on rails. 

41. Back to ladder — walk up, using corresponding arm 
and leg at same time — return same. Same, using oppo- 
site arm and leg. 

42. Same as ascent in exercises in 41 — slide down on 
rails. 



154 Spalding's athletic liijrary. 

Slanting Ladder. 

Fifth Grade. 

Much time may be profitably spent on a long slanting 
ladder, learning to mount to the top on the upper or lower 
side easily and quickly, and return as well ; learning to 
drop from considerable heights ; sliding down rails on the 
upper side without use of hands, either forward or back- 
ward; ascending and descending without use of hands, 
and carrying bundles ; traveling up and down the lower 
side with use of hands only, on rails and rounds, or a com- 
bination ; turning quickly to opposite side of ladder while 
ascending or descending, etc. All these exercises are of 
a practical nature. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 55 



CHAPTER XL 

Flying Rings. 

Height 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet. 

First Grade. 

1. Jump to hang — down. 

2. Hang — chin. 

3. Hang — raise right knee forward. Same left. Al- 
ternate. 

4. Hang — raise both knees forward. 

5. Hang — raise right leg forward. Same left. Alter- 
nate. 

6. Hang — chin — straighten right arm sideways. Same 
left. Alternate. 

7. Jump to hang with forward straddle right. Same 
left. Alternate. 

8. Hang — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward. Same left. Alternate. 

9. Hang — twist arms several times quickly. 

10. Hang — chin twice. 

11. Hang — swing legs forward and backward. 

12. Hang — release left hand and grasp right wrist — ■ 
chin. Opposite side. Alternate. 

13. Swing feet up between rings — return. 

14. Hang — chin — twist rings several times. 

15. Swing legs forward and backward — on each for- 



15^ SPALDINC/S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

ward swing forward straddle right. Same left. Alternate. 

1 6. Hang, right foot on left knee — swing legs forward 
and backward. Opposite side. 

17. Hang — raise right leg forward — right down and 
left up at same time — left down — off. Opposite side. 

18. Sw^ing feet up between rings, and spread, right leg 
down on right arm — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

19. Chin — straighten right arm through ring to elbow 
hang right. Same left. Alternate. 

20. Swing legs forward and backward — on each back- 
ward swing, front straddle, right leg backward. Same 
left. Alternate. 

21. Hang — raise knees to chest — return. 

22. Hang — chin — straighten right arm to elbow hang — 
then left — return. Opposite side. 

23. Swing feet up between rings — spread, right leg 
down on right arm — jump to spread, left on left — down. 
Opposite side. 

24. Chin — straighten right arm to upper arm hang- 
return. Same left. Alternate. 

25. Hang — swing legs sideways. 

26. Chin — straighten right arm to upper arm hang — 
then left — return. Opposite side. 

27. Swing legs to spread up over right arm — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

28. Swing legs forward and backward — alternate for- 
ward straddle right on each forward and backward swing. 
Same left. Alternate. 

29. Hang — knees forward — straighten right leg for- 
ward placing left foot on right knee. Opposite side. Al- 
ternate. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 157 

30. Swing legs forward and backward — on forward 
swing forward straddle right, on backward swing for- 
ward straddle, left leg backward. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

31. Chin three times. 

32. Hang — place left foot on right knee — raise right 
leg to half lever. Opposite side. Alternate. 

33. Chin — raise right leg forward — return. Same left. 
Alternate. 

34. Chin — raise knees forward — return. 

Flying Rings. 

Shoulder Height. 

Second Grade. 

1. Lean backward to hanging stand — return. 

2. Lean forward to hanging stand, arms overhead— 
return. 

3. Lean backward to hanging stand — bend right arm, 
straightening left sideways — return. Opposite side. Al- 
ternate. 

4. Lean backward to hanging stand — return to posi- 
tion by moving arms sideways. 

5. Lean backward to hanging stand — release right 
hand and grasp left ring — return as ring returns. Oppo- 
site side. Alternate. 

6. Lean backward to hanging stand — release right hand 
and grasp left ring — jump both to right as it returns — 
catch left — to position. 

7. Lean forward to hanging stand, arms going up 
backward — return. 



15^ Spalding's athletic library. 

8. Lean backward to hanging stand—release left hand 
with quarter left turn— bend and straighten right arm— 
— return. Opposite side. 

9. Feet together on mat — circle body in right circle. 
Same left. 

10. Jump feet to rings, arms straight. 

11. Jump legs between rings — spread down on right 
arm — return. Same left. Alternate. 

12. Jump feet between rings — turn over to mat. 

13. Jump and spread up over right arm. Same left. 
Alternate. 

14. Jump feet between rings — ^turn over to mat — re- 
turn. 

15. Jump legs between rings — spread down on right 
arm — jump to spread on left — down. Opposite side. 

16. Jump legs between rings — spread down over both 
arms — return. 

17. Jump, spreading up over both arms — return. 

18. Chin — raise right leg forward — return. Same left 
Alternate. 

19. Jump legs between rings — spread right leg down 
on left arm — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

20. Chin — place left foot on right knee — raise right leg 
to half lever. Opposite side. Alternate. 

21. Jump legs between rings — spread right leg down 
on left arm — jump to opposite side — down. Opposite 
side. 

22. Chin — swing legs forward and backward. 

23. Chin — swing legs sideways. 

24. Chin — raise knees forward — straighten right leg 
forward. Same left. Alternate. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 59 

25. Elbow hang— alternate raising right and left leg 
forward. 

26. Elbow hang— swing legs forward and backward. 
2^. Elbow hang — swing legs sideways. 

28. Upper arm hang— swing legs forward and back- 
ward. 

29. Upper arm hang — swing legs sideways. 

30. Upper arm hang, arms forward — move arms side- 
ways — return. 

31. Jump legs between rings— bend and straighten 
legs. 

S2. Jump legs between rings — bend and straighten 
arms. 

33. Feet between rings — bend arms and straighten legs 
at same time — return and repeat. 

34. Jump feet between rings — spread left leg down on 
right arm — return leg to between rings — repeat over right 
arm. Opposite side. 

35. Jump feet between rings — both down on right arm. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

36. Jump legs between rings — cut out, right leg over 
right arm— regrasp ring. Opposite side. Alternate. 

3y. Jump legs between rings — both down on right arm 
—jump both on left — return. Opposite side. 

38. Jump legs between rings — cut out, both legs over 
right arm— regrasp ring. Opposite side. Alternate. 

39. Chin— knees forward — straighten right leg forward 
placing left foot on right knee— return. Opposite side. 
Alternate. 

40. Chin — change left hand to right ring — return. Op- 
posite side. Alternate. 



i6o Spalding's athletic library. 

41. Chin — raise legs to half lever — return. 

42. Chin — right knee forward — change left hand to 
right ring — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

43. Jump feet between rings to back hang and drop, 
quickly. 

Flying Rings. 

Height 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet. 

Third Grade, 

1. Hang — chin twice. 

2. Raise legs to half lever. 

3. Knees forward — chin — release right hand and grasp 
left ring — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

4. Chin — swing legs forward and backward — off on 
backward swing. Repeat and off on forward swing, 

5. Raise knees forward — straighten legs to half lever — 
return. 

6. Swing legs forward and backward — off backward 
with quarter right turn. Same left. 

7. Raise knees forward — chin — return. 

8. Swing legs forward and backward — swing legs to 
between rings — return, pulling up to chin. 

9. Chin — alternate straightening right and left arm 
sideways. 

10. Raise legs to half lever. 

11. Knees forward — chin — release left hand and lower 
arm to side — regrasp. Opposite side. Alternate. 

12. Chin — raise right leg forward — release right hand 
and grasp left ring — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

13. Swing legs forward and backward — off backward 
with half right turn. Same left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. l6l 

14. Knees forward — chin twice. 

15. Chin — raise right leg forward — release left hand 
and lower arm to side — return. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

16. Hang — raise knees forward and feet slowly to rings 
— return. 

17. Raise knees forward and feet up to rings — bend 
and straighten arms. 

18. Chin slowly, twisting arms rapidly. 

19. Swing legs forward and backward — off on forward 
swing with quarter right turn. Same left. 

20. Raise legs to half lever — spread — return. 

21. Hang — swing body in right circle. Same left. 

22. Chin three times. 

23. Knees forward — chin — turn over to back hang — to 
mat. 

24. Chin — swing legs up between arms — spread right 
leg down on right arm — return. Same left. Alternate. 

25. Knees forward — chin — turn over to back hang — re- 
turn. 

26. Chin — swing to spread up over right arm — return. 
Same left. Alternate. 

2y. Chin four times. 

28. Swing legs — off forward with half right turn. 
Same left. 

29. Raise legs to half lever — spread twice. 

30. Chin — swing body in right circle. Same left. 

31. Chin — knees forward — feet to rings, straightening 
arms — spread down on right arm — jump to spread on left 
-^own. Opposite side. 



1 62 Spalding's athletic library. 

32. Swing legs between rings — spread left leg down on 
right arm — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

33. Chin — knees forward — turn to spread up over right 
arm — return. Same left. Alternate. 

34. Chin — swing legs up between rings — both down on 
right arm — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

35. Raise knees forward and slowly to rings — catch toes 
in rings, turning over to back hang, toes in rings — return. 

36. Chin — swing legs up outside of right arm — return. 
Opposite side. Alternate. 

'^'j. Raise knees forward and slowly to rings — catch 
toes in rings — turn over to back hang, toes in rings — off 
backward. 

38. Chin — knees forward^turn slowly to feet between 
rings and both legs down on right arm — return. Same 
left. Alternate. 

39. Raise right leg forward and upward to rings — 
down. Same left. 

40. Swing feet up between rings and return — repeat. 

41. Knees forward — turn over slowly to back hang and 
to mat. 

42. Chin — swing legs up between rings, straightening 
arms — return — repeat. 

Flying Rings. 

Height 6 feet 6 inches to 7 feet. 

Fourth Grade. 

1. Raise legs to half lever — spread — return. 

2. Swing several times — work up by using the feet on 
the floor at middle of each swing. Same with half turn 
at end of each swing. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 163 

3. Left foot on right knee — raise right leg to half lever 
and then upward to rings — return. Opposite side. 

4. Chin — swing legs — off backward with quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

5. Raise legs to half lever — spread — raise upward to 
rings — return. 

6. Slowly, knees forward — feet between rings— rspread 
down on right arm — return. Same left. Alternate. 

7. Swing, pulling up to chin on each forward swing. 

8. Knees forward — chin — legs to half lever — return. 

9. Chin — swing legs — off backward with half right 
turn. Same left. 

10. Slowly, knees forward — feet between rings — ^both 
legs down on right arm — return. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

11. Raise knees forward — feet between rings — bend 
and straighten arms — return. 

12. Chin — swing legs — off forward with quarter right 
turn. Same left. 

13. Swing with forward straddle right on each forward 
and backward swing. Same left. 

14. Swing, pulling up to chin on each backward swing. 

15. Slowly, knees forward — turn to spread up over 
right arm — return. Opposite side. Alternate. 

16. Chin — raise legs to half lever — return. 

17. Raise legs to half lever — chin. 

18. Swing with half turn and side straddle at end of 
each swing. 

19. Chin — swing legs — off forward with half right 
turn. Same left. 

20. Slowly, knees forward — feet up between rings — 



164 Spalding^s athletic LIBRARV. 

spread left leg down on right arm — return. Opposit( 
side. Alternate. 

21. Circle body in right circle while slowly pulling up 
to chin. Opposite side. 

22. Knees forward — feet up between rings — straighten 
body back to back hang, head down — return. 

23. Swing legs sideways while pulling up to chin. 

24. Raise legs to half lever and up to rings. 

25. Swing legs up between rings — spread down over 
right arm, cutting off to mat. Same left. 

26. Swing legs — spread up over right arm, cutting off 
backward to mat. Same left. 

27. Swing legs up between rings — cut out, right leg 
over left arm — regrasp left ring. Opposite side. Alter- 
nate. 

28. Holding rings together — cut backward over both to 
mat. 

29. Knees forward — feet to rings — straighten body to 
back hang, head down — return. 

30. Swing legs between rings — cut forward over both 
to mat. 

31. Raise legs to half lever — upward to rings. 

32. One hand on each ring — cut over backward to mat. 

33. Raise legs to half lever and upward to rings — cut 
out, both legs over right arm — regrasp ring. Opposite 
side. Alternate. 

34. Raise legs to half lever and upward to rings — 
straighten body to back hang, head downward — return. 

35. Chin — to front elbow hang — change to back elbow 
hang — down. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 65 

2,6. Swing body up between rings to back hang, head 
down. 

37. Knees forward — chin while swinging legs sideways. 

38. Hang on one ring — backward cut off. 

39. Raise legs to half lever — turn over slowly to mat. 

40. Knees forward — straighten right leg forward- 
chin while swinging legs sideways. Same, left forward. 

41. Swing body up to back hang, head down. 

42. Raise legs to half lever — turn over slowly to mat — 
return. 

43. Raise legs to half lever — chin — spread legs — re- 
turn. 

4^.. Swing legs forward and backward — off backward 
with three-quarter right turn. Same left. 

45. Legs to half lever — chin twice. 

46. Swing legs forward and backward — off forward 
with three-quarter right turn. Same left. 

47. Legs to half lever — spread — raise legs to rings — 
return. 

48. Chin — swing legs — off backward with three-quarter 
right turn. Same left. 

49. Chin — swing legs — off forward with three-quar- 
ters right turn. Same left. 

50. Backward dislocate. 

Flying Rings. 
Fifth Grade. 
It is difficult to secure a supply of advanced exercises 
upon the rings that are not extremely difficult. 

In swinging exercises, all except the plain swing may 
be considered as advanced work. 



1 66 Spalding's athletic library. 

The exercises to be first learned while swinging are as 
follows : 

One-half turn at the end of each forward swing, so as 
to continually face the direction of swing. 

Increasing the swing by drawing up the legs on the 
backward swing, and swinging well out at the end of the 
forward swing. 

At the end of forward or backward swings cut-oif, one 
leg over one arm and regrasp. 

Swing — Toe-catch on rings, back hollow. 

Forward and backward cut-off from stand. 

Forward cut-off on backward swing. 

Same and regrasp rings. 

Backward cut-off on forward swing. 

Other cuts and catches become very difficult. 

From stand — Pull up to bent arm rest, right and left. 

Both at once and push to cross rest. 

Same from swing. 

Upstarts, with or without swing. 

Upstarts and rolls, dislocates, etc. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 167 



GENERAL MASSED CLASS EXERCISES 



CHAPTER XII. 

No. I. Buck Exercises. 

1. Spread over buck. 

2. Spread over buck with quarter right and left turn. 

3. Spread over buck with half right and left turn. 

4. To front rest on buck — spread over. 

5. Squat on buck — over. 

6. Flank vault right and left. 

7. Flank vault right, quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

8. Squat on buck — off forward with quarter right turn. 
Same left. 

9. Squat on buck — off forward with half right turn. 
Same left. 

• 10. Spread over buck — forward roll on mat. 

No. 2. Buck Exercises. 

1. Spread over buck. 

2. Spread over buck with quarter right and left turn. 

3. Spread over buck with half right and left turn. 

4. Spread over buck with three-quarter right and left 
turn. 

5. Squat on buck — over. 



1 68 Spalding's athletic library. 

6. Squat over buck. 

7. Wolf position on right foot — over. Same left. 

8. Wolf vault right and left. 

9. Flank vault right and left. 

10. Flank vault right, quarter right turn. Opposite 
side. 

11. Flank vault right, half right turn. Opposite side. 

12. Spread buck — forward roll. 

13. Spread buck with half right turn — backward roll. 
Same, turning left. 

No. 3. Buck Exercises. 

1. Spread over buck. 

2. Spread over buck with half right and left turn. 

3. Spread over buck with three-quarter right and left 
turn. 

4. Spread over buck with full turn right and left. 

5. Squat on buck — over. 

6. Squat over buck. 

7. Flank vault right and left. 

8. Flank vault right, half right turn. Opposite side. 

9. Flank vault right, three-quarter right turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

10. Squat on buck — jump off forward touching toes 
forward. 

11. Squat on buck — jump off forward touching heels 
backward. 

12. Spread over buck — forward roll. 

13. Spread over buck with half turn — roll backward. 

14. Spreak backward over buck. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 1 69 



CHAPTER XIII. 

No. I. Jumping Standards — Front. 
Low — I foot 6 inches to 2 feet 6 inches. 

Running. 

1. Leap from right foot. Same left. 

2. Leap from right foot, quarter turn. Opposite side. 

3. Jump over. 

4. Jump over with quarter right and left turn. 

5. Leap from right foot with half right turn. Oppo- 
site side. 

6. Jump over with half right and left turn. 

7. Leap from right foot with quarter turn. Opposite 
side. 

8. Hop over right and left. 

9. Hurdle over from right and left foot. 

No. 2. Jumping Standards — Front. 

Repeat all exercises of first list. 

1. Leap from right foot with half left turn. Opposite 
side. 

2. Leap from right foot with three-quarter right turn. 
Opposite side. 

3. Jump over with three-quarter right and left turn. 

4. Jump over witk legs straight, arms overhead. 

5. Dive. 



1 70 Spalding's athletic library. 

No. 3. Jumping Standards — Front. 

1. Leap from right and left foot. 

2. Jump over. 

3. Leap from right foot with half right turn. Opposite 
side. 

4. Jump over w^ith half right and left turn. 

5. Leap from right foot with half left turn. Opposite 
side. 

6. Leap from right foot with full turn right. Opposite 
side. 

7. Jump over with full turn right and left. 

8. Leap from right foot with three-quarter left turn. 
Opposite side. 

9. Leap from right foot with full left turn. Opposite 
side. 

10. Leap from right foot and touch toes forward. Same 
left. 

11. Jump over and touch toes forward. 

12. Jump over and touch heels backward. 

13. Dive. 

14. Frog — spread over. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I7I 



CHAPTER XIV. . 

No. 2. Mat Exercises. 

Lists I, 3, 5, same as 1,2, 3, Low Jumping Standards — 
Front. 

1. Standing broad jump. 

2. Two standing broad jumps. 

3. Stand — jump with half right and left turn. 

4. Run — hop forward right and left. 

5. Step forward right to left. Left to i;ight. 

6. Two hops forward right and left, 

7. Hop and step, starting right. Opposite side. 

8. Stand — jump with full turn right and left. 

9. Roll forward. 

10. Frog — spread forward. 

No. 4. Mat Exercises. 

1. Standing broad jump. 

2. Two standing broad jumps. 

3. Three standing broad jumps. 

4. Stand — jump with full turn right and left. 

5. Standing broad jump — jump with full turn right and 
left. 

6. Roll forward. 

7. Frog — spread forward. 

8. Roll forward — frog — spread. Frog — spread — roll 
forward. 



172 SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

9. Jump sideways right and left. 

10. Jump sideways right and return. Opposite side. 

11. Jump backward. 

12. Dive. 

13. Roll backward. 

No. 6. Mat Exercises. 

1. Leap from right foot and touch toes forward. Same 
from left foot. 

2. Jump and touch toes forward. Same, several times 
in quick succession in place. 

3. Jump and touch heels backward. Same, several 
times in succession in place. 

4. Jump up with legs straight, arms overhead. 

5. Repeat 2 traveling across the mats. 

6. Repeat 3 traveling across the mats. 

7. Hop, step and jump, starting right. Same left. 

8. Jump backward. Repeat several times. 

9. Frog — spread. Repeat across mats. 

10. Roll forward. Repeat across mats. 

11. Roll backward. Repeat across mats. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 173 



CHAPTER XV. 

No. I. Free Exercises with Running* 

1. Common run. 

2. Legs straight. 

3. Strike knees with hands. 

4. Raising knees to chest. 

5. Strike heels backward. 

6. Arms at side horizontal. 

7. Arms at front horizontal. 

8. Arms overhead, palms forward. 

9. Arms overhead, palms together. 

10. Hands on hips. 

No. 2. Free Exercises with Running. 

1. Hands on hips. 

2. Arms overhead, thumbs locked. 

3. Arms overhead, fingers locked. 

4. Hands on hips — quarter right turn, run sideways. 
Same, turning left. 

5. Hands behind head, elbows wide. 

6. Hands behind head, elbows close in front. 

7. Arms folded backward. 

8. Raising toes forward. 

9. Raising heels backward. 

10. Arms folded at front horizontal. 



.74 SPALDING^S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

No. 3. Free Exercises with Running. 

1. Arms overhead, back of hands together. 

2. Arms overhead, fingers locked, palms up. 

3. Hands behind head — swing elbows forward and 
backward. 

4. Half right and left turn, running backward. 

5. Touching toes forward. 

6. Try to touch fl<oor in front of feet while running.. 

7. Jumping. 

8. Hopping on right and left foot. 

9. Legs straight, hands behind head. 

10. Squat low and run. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. I^"? 



CHAPTER XVI. 

Jumping Standards and Buck. 
Six feet Apart. 

1. Leap from right foot over stick — spread over buck. 
From left foot. 

2. Jump over stick — spread over buck. 

3. Leap from right foot over stick — spread buck with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

4. Leap from right foot over stick — spread over buck 
with half right turn. Opposite side. 

5. Leap from right foot over stick — squat on buck — • 
over. Same, from left foot. 

6. Jump over stick — squat on buck — over. 

7. Leap from right foot over stick — flank vault right 
over buck. Opposite side. 

8. Jump over stick with flank vault right and left. 

9. Leap from right foot over stick — flank vault right 
with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

10. Leap from right foot over stick — squat on buck — off 
forward with quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

11. Jump over stick — squat over buck. 



1^6 SPALDING^S AtitLEiTlC LIBRARY. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

No. I. Buck and Jumping Standards. 
Low — 6 feet apart. 

1. Spread buck — jump over stick. 

2. Spread buck — jump over stick with quarter right and 
left turn. 

3. Spread buck — jump over stick with half right and 
left turn. 

4. Squat on buck — down — jump over stick. 

5. Squat on buck — down — jump over stick with quar- 
ter right and left turn. 

6. Squat on buck — down — jump over stick with half 
right and left turn. 

7. Flank vault right and left — jump over stick. 

8. Flank vault right — jump over stick with quarter 
right and left turn. 

9. Flank vault right — jump over stick with half right 
and left turn. 

10. Flank vault left — jump over stick with quarter left 
and right turn. 

11. Flank vault left — jump over stick with half left and 
right turn. For occasional use. 

Spread buck — jump over stick, raising stick for height. 

No. 2. Buck and Jumping Standards. 
Of List I use I, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, II. 
I. Spread buck — jump over stick with arms and legs 
straight. 



tME GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. i?'/ 

2. Spread buck — jump over stick, touching toes for- 
ward. 

3. Spread buck — jump over stick, touching heels back- 
ward. 

4. Spread buck and jump stick, placing standards for 
distance. 

No. 3. Buck and Jumping Standards. 
Of List I use I, 3, 4, 6. 

1. Spread buck — jump over stick turning right and left 
as far as possible. 

2. Squat on buck — jump over stick turning right and 
left as far as possible. 

3. Of List I use 7, 9, II. 

4. Spread buck — jump over stick, touching toes for- 
ward. 

5. Spread buck — jump over stick, touching heels back- 
ward. 

6. Squat over buck — jump over stick. 

7. Squat over buck — jump over stick with quarter right 
and left turn. 

8. Squat over buck — jump over stick with half right and 
left turn. 

9. Squat over buck — jump over stick with three-quarter 
right and left turn. For occasional use. 

Spread buck and jump over stick, raising both for 
height. 



1 78 Spalding's athletic library. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

No. I. Side Horse and Buck. 
About 6 feet apart. 

1. Flank vault right and left over horse. 

2. Flank vault right and left over horse — spread buck. 

3. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with 
quarter right and left turn. 

4. Flank vault left over horse — spread buck with quar- 
ter right and left turn. 

5. Squat on horse — down — spread over buck. 

6. Squat on horse — down — spread buck with quarter 
right and left turn. 

7. Squat on horse — down — squat on buck — over. 

8. Squat on horse — down — squat on buck — over with 
quarter right and left turn. 

9. Squat on horse — down — flank vault right and left 
over buck. 

No. 2. Side Horse and Buck. 

1. Flank vault right and left over horse. 

2. Flank vault right and left over horse — spread over 
buck. 

3. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

4. Flank vault right — spread buck with half right turn., 
Opposite side. 

5. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with half 
left turn. Opposite side. 

6. Squat on 'horse — down — spread buck. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 179 

7. Squat on horse — down — spread buck with half right 
and left turn. 

8. Squat on horse — down — squat on buck — over. 

9. Squat on horse — down — squat on buck — over with 
half right and left turn. 

10. Squat on horse — down — flank vault right and left 
over buck. 

11. Flank vault right over horse and right over buck. 
Same, left over each. 

12. Squat over horse — squat on buck- — over. 

No. 3. Side Horse and Buck. 

1. Flank vault right and left over horse. 

2. Flank vault right and left over horse — spread back- 
ward. 

3. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with 
quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

4. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with half 
right turn. Opposite side. 

5. Flank vault right over horse — spread buck with 
three-quarter right turn. Opposite side. 

6. Squat on horse — down — spread buck. 

7. Squat on horse — down — squat on buck — over. 

8. Squat over horse — squat on buck — over. 

9. Flank vault right over horse and buck. Same left. 

10. Flank vault right over horse and left over buck 
Opposite side. 

11. Squat on horse — down — squat over buck. 

12. Squat over horse and buck. 

13. Squat on horse — jump to buck — off. 

14. Squat on horse — spread over buck. 



i5o Spalding's athletic library. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

No. I. Jumping Standards — From Side. 
I foot 6 inches to 2 feet 6 inches. 

1. Jump over from right and left side. 

2. Jump over from right side with immediate return. 
Opposite side. 

3. From right side leap from left foot, touching toes 
forward. Opposite side. 

4. From right side leap from right foot with half right 
turn. Opposite side. 

5. From right side leap from left foot with quarter left 
turn. Opposite side. 

No. 2. Jumping Standards — From Side. 

1. Jump over from right side with immediate return. 
Opposite side, 

2. From right side leap from right foot, touching toes 
forward. Opposite side. 

3. From right side leap from left foot with half right 
turn. Opposite side. 

4. From right side leap from right foot with quarter 
left turn. Opposite side. 

5. From right side jump over touching toes forward. 
Opposite side. Standing side jump for height, right and 
left. 



THE GRADING OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. l8l 

No. 3. Jumping Standards — From Side. 

1. From right side jump over with immediate return 
twice over stick. Opposite side. 

2. From right side jump over touching toes forward 
and immediate return and same. Opposite side. 

3. From right side leap from right foot with half left 
turn. Opposite side. 

4. From right side leap from left foot with three-quar- 
ter right turn. Opposite side. 

5. From right side leap from left foot with full left 
turn. Opposite side. 

Running high jump from side. 



CONCLUSION 

In concluding the general massed class exercises it is 
necessary to explain the use of several combinations not 
here given. 

1. For "Springboard" and ''Springboard and Stand- 
ards" same exercises are used as for "J^-^n^pi^g" Standards 
—front." 

2. For "Springboard and Buck," "Buck" exercises are 
used. 

3. For the various combinations as "Standards, Side 
Horse and Buck," "Standards, Buck and Side Horse," 
"Buck, Standards and Side Horse," etc., the pieces are 
separated a distance of about six feet, and the exercises 
given for each singly are combined. 

4. For the Standards close in front or behind Buck, the 



102 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

"Buck" exercises are used. This may be made a means 
for contest by raising stick or buck or both. 

5. Rolled mats at times make an interesting substitute 
for Standards, and may also be used in combination with 
the other pieces. 

6. "Jumping Standards — side" are not given in the 
schedule, but make interesting work preliminary to side 
high jumping. The number opposite the piece scheduled 
refers to the number of list to be used. 

7. The exercises may be adapted to the ability of the 
majority of the class by changing the heights of the vari- 
T s pieces. This also affords a method of progression 
juring the season and in advanced classes. 



RECREATION 

BaSx.et Ball is too valuable a game to be limited to five 
Tien on a side, so the author has so changed the rules for 
lis use that the entire class may play at once. 

Outside of Basket Ball, the game of three-deep tag is 
the most valuable for recreative exercises. This excepts, 
however, the use of the Medicine Ball for business men. 

In the tug o' war sides are limited to 6 or 8, all standing, 
without cleats, and using either rope, pole or the amis 
around body. 

The running races are of various lengths and done in 
many ways. 

Hopping, knapsack and leap-frog races may be merely 
across the hall and return; the same repea'ed several 
times, around hall. etc. 




SPALDING SAFETY ADJUSTABLE PARALLEL BARS 

No. 400 

Patented U. S.. July 16. 1912 ; November 26. 1912; Patented Canada. March 5, I9I2. 
Height Adjustment — Spring-pin and lever, with the pin automatically locked in. 
Can't snap out. 

Width Adjustment — Screw and traveling nut operated by turning hand wheel. 
Being always locked is always safe. 

Height Indications — Engraved on the telescoping uprights. 

Width Indicator — A small brass plate on each upright shows the width instantly. 

Ball Bearing Rollers — One under each corner. Two levers control the four rollers. 

Other Features — Platform Base ; Telescoping Uprights of brass covered steel tubing, 
can't rust ; Hinged Rails of selected white ash, oval shaped ; all Castings fin- 
ished in black enamel. See next page. 

PRICES ON APPUCATION 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. 

CHICOPEE, MASS. 



# 


Spalding 
Efficient Gymnasium Apparatus 


# 



^„„ • 1^^^^ ^ 




w.. 


i 



VAULTING HORSE No. 300 

Patented January 2, 1912. 
All adjustments take place from one point and that the most convenient. 
At the rear — operated in standing position. 

To raise or lower the Horse or 
Buck a hinged crank is instantan- 
eously adjusted to place and as 
quickly removed. 

Small picture shows crank in 
position for use. 

See next peige for complete description 
of Horse and Buck. 

PRICES ON APPUCATION 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. 

CHICOPEE, MASS. 





VAULTING BUCK No. 305 

Patented January 2, 1912. 

The power is transmitted through bevel gears by a one piece shaft drive that 
operates the adjusting screws. The lack of friction in our bevel gears allows 
fast screws to be used. 

Speed of adjustment — from lowest to highest in six seconds. 

This same screw when lowered to its limit depresses plates carrying ball 
bearing swivel rollers, so that the apparatus may be easily, quickly and noiselessly 
moved about. 

The roller action is smooth and uniform; no snap; no jar; no danger to toes 
or fingers. 

The strength and beauty of design is apparent; the simplicity of the mechanism 
is obvious and its durability is guaranteed. 



PRICES ON APPUCATION 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. 

CHICOPEE, MASS. 



^ites 




HORIZONTAL AND VAULTING BAR No. 554 

One upright permanently attached to wall, the other guyed by steel cables 
with instantaneous turnbuckles. 

Folds so compactly it may be attached to posts or columns. 

Uprights of brass covered steel tubing with our patented interior height 
indications. 

Bars of either Steel-Core Hickory or Solid-Steel, with patented "quick-set 
safety" caps. PRICES ON APPLICATION 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS., Inc. 

CHICOPEE, MASS. 



SPALDING'S NEW 
ATHLETIC GOODS CATALOGUE 



The following selection of items from Spalding's latest Catalogue will give 
an idea of the great veiriety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by 
A. G. SPALDING & BROS. .•/ /.• SEND FOR A FREE COPY. 



SEE UST OF SPALDING STORES ON INSIDE 



•Xnkle Brace.' Skate 
Ankle Supporter 
Athletic Library 
Attachments, 

Chest Weight 



Caddy 
Striking 
Skate 
Balls- 
Base 
Basket 

Field Hockey 
Foot, College 
Foot, Rugby 
Foot. Soccer 
Coif 
Hand 
Hurley 
Indoor Base 

Medicine 

Playground 

Polo. Roller 

Polo. Water 

Push 

Squash 

Volley 

Ball Cleaner, Golf 

Bandages, Elastic 

Bar Bells 

Bar Stalls 

Bars- 
Horizontal 
Parallel 

Bases Indoor 

Bats, Indoor 

Belts- 
Elastic 

Leather and Worsted 
Wrestling 

Bladders- 
Basket Ball 



Striking Bag 
Blades, Fencing 
Blankets, Foot Ball 



Caddy Badges 
Caps- 
Lacrosse 
Outing 
SkuU 

University 
Water Polo 
Chest Weights 
Circle, Seven-Foot 
Clock Golf 
Collarette, Knitted 
Corks. Running 
Cross Bars, Vaulting 

Discus, Olympic 
Discs- 
Marking, Golf 
Rubber. Golf Shoe 
Disks. Striking Bag 
.Dumb Bells 



Emblems 
Embroidery 
Exercisers — 

Elastic 

Home 

Felt Letters 

Fencing Sticks 

Fighting Du 

Fmger Protection, Hockey 

Flags- 
College 
Marking, Golf 

Foils, Fencing 

FootBalTs— 
Association 
College 
Rugby 

Foot Ball Clothing 

Foot Ball Goal Nets 

Foot Ball Timer 



Gloves— 
Bolting 
Fencing 
Golf . . 
Hand Ball 
Hockey, Field 
Hockey. Ice 
Lacrosse 

Goals- 
Basket BaU 
Foot Ball 
Hockey, Field 
Hockey, Ice 



Golf Clubs 

Golf Sundries 

Golfette 

Grips- 
Athletic 
Golf 

Gymnasium, Home 

Gymnasium Board. Hon.. 

Gymnasium, Home Outfits 



Hammers, Athletic 
Hangers for Dumb Bells 
Hangers for Indian Clubs 
Hats, University 
Head Harness 
Health Pull 
Hob Nails 
Hockey Pucks 
Hockey Sticks, Ice 
Hockey Sticks. Field 
Holder. Basket Ball. Canvas) 
Hole Cutter. Golf 
Hole Rim. Golf 
Horse. Vaulting 
Hurdles. Safety 
Hurley Sticks 



Jackets- 
Fencing 
Foot Ball 

Javelins 

Knee Protectors 
Knickerbockers, Foot Ball 

Lace. Foot Ball 
Lacrosse Goods 

Fendng Goods 
Field Hockey Goods 
Gymnasium Shoes 
Gymnasium Suits 
Skates. Ice 
Skates. Roller 
Skating Shoes 
Snovir Shoes 

Lanes for Sprints 

Leg Guards- 
Foot Ball 
Ice Hockey 

Leotards 

Letters- 
Embroidered 
Felt 

Liniment, "Mike Murphy" 

Masks- 

Masseur, AfiJominaf 
Mattresses, Gymnasium 
Mattresses, Wrestling 
Megaphones 
Mitts- 
Handball 
Striking Bag 

Monograms 
Mouthpiece, Foot Ball 
Mufflers, Angora 



Needle, Lacing 

Nets- 
Basket Ball 
Golf Driving 
Volley Ball 

Numbers, Competitors' 



Chamois. Fencing 

Foot Ball 

Wresding 
Paint, Golf 
Pants- 
Basket Ball 

Boys* Knee 

Foot Ball, College 

Foot Ball, Rugby 

Hockey, Ice 

Running 
Pennants. College 
Pistol. Starter's 
Plastrons, Fencing 
Plater- 

Teeing. Golf 



FRONT COVER 

PfatJorms, Striking Bag 

°Skf 

Vaulting 
Polo, Roller, Goods 
Protectors- 
Abdomen 

Eyeglass 

Finger, Field Hockey 

Indoor Base Ball 

Knee 

Thumb, Basket Ball 
Protection, Running Shoes 
Pucks. Hockey, Ice 
Push Ball 
Pushers, Chamois 

Quoits , 

Racks. Golf Ball 
Racquet. Squash 
Rapiers. Fencing 
Referee's WhisUe 

Exercising . 



Sac^s, for Sack Racing 
Sandals. Snovf Shoe 
Sandow Dumb Bells 
Scabbards. Skate 
Score Books — 

Basket Ball 
Shin Guards — 

Association 

College 

Field Hockey 

Ice Hockey 
Shirts- 
Athletic 

Rubber, Reducing 

Soccer 
Shoes — 

Acrobatic 

Basket Ball 

Bovirling 

Clog. 

Slioes— 

Foot Ball, College 

Foot Ball, Rugby 

Foot Ball, Soccer 

Golf 

Gymnasium 

Jumping 

Running 

Skating 

Snow 

Squash 

Street 

Walking 

Shot- 
Athletic 
Indoor 

. Massage 

Skates- 
Ice 
Roller- 



OF THIS BOOK 

Skate Bag 

Skate Keys 

Skate RoUers 

Skate Straps 

Skate Sundries 

Skis , 

Snow Shoes 

Sprint Lanes 

Squash Goods 

Standards- 
Vaulting 
Volley Ball 

Straps— 
For'Three-Legged Race . 
Skate 

Sticks, Roller Polo 

Stop Boards 

Striking Bags 

Suits- 
Base Ball. Indoor 
Gymnasium, Ladies' 
Soccer 
Swimming 
Water Polo 

Supporters — 
Ankle 
Wrist 

Suspensories 

Sweaters 

Swivels. Striking Bag* 

Swords, Fencing 

Swords, Duelling 



Tackling Machine 

Take-Off Board 

Tape, Measuring. Steel 

Tees. Golf 

Tennis Posts, Indoor 

T.ghts- 

FuU 

Full, Wresding 

Hockey 

Toboggans 
Toboggan Cushions 
Toe Boards 

Trapeze, Adjustable 
Trapeze, Single 
Trousers — 

Y. M. C. A. 

Foot Ball 

VelvJT 
Worsted 



Wands. Calisthenlc 
Watches, Stop 
Weights, 56-lb. 
WhisUes 

Wrestling Equiptnenf 
Wrist Machines 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS Boot 



<Prka 6» c^ Mr 5, 1913. Suk/ccl b> Jxmge wUhoul neOu. Foi Canadian prict, ttc y,tcial Canciilm Cslologw^' 



A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a 
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality. 

To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a 
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions 
of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list 
price on his goods to the consumer. . , > 

To enable the glib salesnrian, when bookmg his orders, to figure out 
attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are 
absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the 
manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured 
his order from the retailer. , , , . r • i i 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who 
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading 
but alluring hiirh list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and 
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," 
which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer 
and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices 
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably 
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are 
practically eliminated. ™-i . , , . . 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists 
on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this 
demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- 
ening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 14 years ago, in 1899, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic 
Goods Trad-;, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding 

The " Spalding Policy " eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding 
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding 
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is 
assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all SpaJding Athletic Goods, and 
the consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the 
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : 

First.— The user is assured of genuine Official Standeird Athletic Goods 
and the same prices to everybody. 

Second.— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in 
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required 
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their 
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary 
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality. 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply 
consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less-the same 
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalditig Athletic Goods, are treated 
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discrirninations are allowed to anyone. 

This briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 
operation for the past 14 years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a "square deal" for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



B, <^ x:::^!^"^^^^^- 



•n- v^ 




^-^^ * ^ ^ ' ^^ . ^^' ^ 8 , A * \^ . . « , ^^ -^ .0 N o • .0 










^oo' 



.0( 



1 ^>. 



'^^ v^' 












.Oo 






.." j*-?;^ 



.% 



,0' 



'^:^*^/ 


















vie., ^3^ 



;^^ 'V 






xO°<. 



.0- 



^.^'i^n^^ ,,^^ 



,*-^ -^*, 



A 



^^^' ^^. 



. %/.--v^\/ 



S^<^. 










^\.«^^/V^"^'^^\./.^v'«v,V°^^ 



0"^ .- 



.^■^ •%_ ' 









.^-^ 



>#■ 



% 



f 




/^^ SEPT. 68 

|!^ N. MANCHESTER, 
■•■'" INDIANA 









<:£> * N 



